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SIGHTS 



IN 



BOSTON AND SUBURBS, 



OB 



GUIDE TO THE STRANGER, 



BY 



^ 



R. L. MIDGLEY 



ILLUSTRATED BY 



BILLINGS, HILL, BAEEY, AND JOHN ANDREW. 




BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED BY JOHN P. JEWETT & COMPANY 

CLEVELAND, OHIO: 

JEWETT, PROCTOR & WORTHINGTON, 

1856. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by 

JOHN ANDREW, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Coui-t of the District of Maasachusclta. 



ELECTROTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY, 






PREFACE 



The want of a Guide such as the one here 
presented to the Travelling Public, has been so 
long felt and so generally acknowledged, that 
an apology for the present work would be an 
impeachment of the judgment of the intelligent 
Tourist. 

This work, although more particularly designed 
for the use of travellers, will be foimd of great 
service to the public generally, for few of the 
inhabitants know where to see the sights in 
the city, nor how to see them. 

The materials for this publication have been 
collected with great care, and here "the writer 
wishes it distinctly understood, that he has not 
hesitated to gather his materials wherever he 
could find them, availing himself in the freest 



2 PEEFACE. 

manner, not only of the researches of others, 
but even of their very language, whenever it 
happened to suit his purpose." 

He also takes occasion to express his acknowl- 
edgments to Mr. H. W. Fuller, of Boston, 
Mr. W. A. Crafts, of Eoxbury, and Mr. Wm. 
F. Poole, the Librarian of the Boston Athenaeum, 
for copious materials furnished by them. 

This little volume is not intended as a 
history, nor as an index to the many public 
institutions, for which this city is so famous, 
but as a guide to those sights that are par- 
ticularly deserving the attention of citizens and 
strangers. 

We have adhered as rigidly as possible to 
a direct route, describing each object in order 
as it is reached, and classing them according 
to subjects in the index. 

Boston, August 22, 1856. 



INDEX TO SUBJECTS, 



Addenda, Page 215 

Ancient and Modern Boston, 6 

Birthplace of Franklin, 28 

Boston Harbor, 190 

Boston Stone, 6 

CHURCHES. 

Brattle St. Church, 110 

Old South CImrch, . . 21 

Park Street Church, .... ... 53 

Stone Chapel 31 

CEMETERIES. 

Copp's Hill, 117 

Chapel Burying Ground, 31 

Granary " 53 

Forest Hill " 202 

Mount Auburn " 144 

Woodlawn " 167 

Daily Papers, 20 

Harvard University, 133 

Lowell Institute, 108 

MaiJsachnsetts Historical Society, 39 

Society of Natural History, 100 

Mercantile, . . . ' 105 

Club House, 44 

Common, 68 

Courts 30 

Court House, 29 

United States Courts 1 U 



INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 



DEPOTS. 



Eastern, H* 

Eitchburg, 116 

Lowell, 113 

Maine, 119 

Old Colony and Fall River,! 89 

Providence, 81 

Worcester, 86 



FORTIFICATIONS. 

Cambridge, 131 

Dorchester, 176 

Fort Independence, 195 

Fort Warren, 191 

Fort Winthrop, 197 

Harbor, Boston, 190 



HALLS. 

Chapman Plall, 31 

Cochituate " . . . . . . • . . .46 

Horticultural Hall, 31 

Mercantile " 107 

Faneuil " 10 



ISLANDS, (in Boston Harbor.) 

Castle Island, • . 

Deer " 193 

George's " 191 

Long " 191 

Lower Light Island, 191 

Nix's Mate " 191 

Rainsford " 191 

Spectacle, " 191 

Thompson's "......... 197 

Govei'nors " 197 



LIBRARIES. 

Prince Library 28 

Mercantile Library, ' . * . 106 



INDSX TO SUBJECTS. 3 

Public Library 83 

A-thenseum '* . . . 43 

Harvard '= 133 

Society of Natural History, 103 

Massachusetts Historical Society, 40 

A-thenseum, . 41 

Masonic Temple, 56 

Time Lodges meet, 58 



MONUMENTS. 

National Monument to the Forefathers, .... 92 

Bunker Hill " 154 

Warren - « 155 

Nahant, 181 

NahantEeich, . 183 

Egg Rock, 184 

Iron Mine, 184 

Spouting Horn, 184 

Saunders Ledge, 184 

Castle Rock, 184 

Caldron Cliff, 185 

Roaring Cavern, 185 

Natural Bridge, 185 

Pulpit Rock, 185 

Swallows' Cave, 186 

Irene's Grotto, 187 

Nahant House 187 

Old House, 3 

Post Office, 18 

Public Garden, 81 



PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 

Public Library, 83 

Massachusetts General Hospital, 121 

McLean Asvlum, ,,...... 123 

Medical College, 124 

City Jail, 125 

Eye and Ear Infirmary, 127 

Perkins Institute for the Blind, 176 

Quarantine, 191 

Almshouse, 193 

Farm School 191 



4 INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 

States x-nson, 161 

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 

Music Hall, 5* 

Boston Theatre, 95 

Melodeon, 101 

Orel way's Hall, 101 

Howard Athenaeum, 11' 

National Theatre, H 

Museum, 3 

Tremont Temple, 4 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

U. S. Custom House, 1' 

Faneuil Hall Market, 1' 

Fanueil Hall, 

Exchange 1' 

Old State House, 2Cr 

State House, 59 

Post Office, 18 

Court House, ^. 29 

City Hall » 28 

Public Library, 83 

U. S. Courts, Ill 

Old State House, 19 

SQUARES. 

Bowdoin Square, Ill 

Dock " 3 

Haymarket " 119 

Franklin, . . 200 

Blackstone, 199 

SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

Cambridge, 131 

Concord, 134 

Lexington, 175 

Dorchester Heights, 176 

Nahant, 181 

Bishop's Palace, 138 

"Washington's Residence, 141 

Reidesel House, ' tC* . 141 

Frog Pond,jjj ..£ . .79 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



EAILROADS. 



Providence, . . . . 81 

Worcester, 87 

Old Colony and Fall River, 89 

Cambridge, (Horse), Ill 

Lowell, 113 

Eastern, 115 

Fitchburg, 117 

Maine, 120 

TREES. 

Great Elm, - 71 

Washington Elm, 142 



BOSTON SIGHTS 



CHAPTER I. 

DOCK-SQUARE. OLD HOUSE. BOSTOX STONE. 




You are a stranger in 
Boston, and desirous of 
visiting the principal 
objects of interest in the 
" City of Notions." 
This little book is in- 
tended to be a Guide, 
not a History ; therefore 
we shall not enter into any details respecting the rise 
and progress of Bo?ton. If you know nothing of that. 




2 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

but are desirous of such information, procure Drake's 
History, published by Stevens, Washington-street, and in 
it you will find all you require. 

We will, then, suppose you have arrived in Boston, and 
that, having located yourself at one of its many spacious 
hotels, you have commenced your tour of the city. It is 
always well to have some defined point to start from, and 
therefore we will select Dock-square as the scene of our 
first exploration. 

Dock-square. — It is not a square now, in the pleasant 
acceptation of the word, though probably " once upon a 
time " it was. Very long ago grass might have grown 
there, and trees flourished, and birds sung, and no dock 
ever have been dreamed of. Only a prowling Indian, 
in search of a squaw or a scalp, might have been seen in 
the vicinity, and all excitement have been confined to a 
palaver around the council-fire. But a truce to the past ; 
it is Dock-square, and nothing else, now. 

And, in lieu of groves or glades, we have a busy, open 
space, with labyrinthine thoroughfares leading into and out 
of it. Bustling, anxious-faced men are to be seen there 
at all hours of the day, rushing hither and thither, intent 
on dollars and dimes. House and hotel keepers pay 
flying visits to the market close by ; visitors from all parts 
of the States look curiously at the " Cradle of Liberty ; " 
omnibuses rush along, distracting perilled pedestrians; 



DOCK-SQUARE. 



3 



market-carts, laden with country produce, stand sur- 
rounded by dealers, and everything is full of life and 
animation. Looking calmly down upon and over- 
shadowing this scene of commercial activity, is a huge 
structure — Faneuil Hall. Of it we shall presently 
speak. At present let us direct our glance to — artis- 
tically speaking — a " bit " of Old Boston. 




Old House. — There it stands at the corner of North 
and Market streets, dingy, quaint, time-battered, many- 
gabled, but pictm-esqnc, for all that. They say it was built 



4 BOSTON Sir.IITS. 

in the year 1680, soon after the great fire of 1679. The 
peaks of the roof remain precisely as they were first 
erected, the frame and external appearance never having 
been altered. The timber used in the building was prin- 
cipally oak, and, where it has been kept dry, is perfectly 
sound, and intensely hard. The outside is covered with 
plastering, or what is commonly called rough-cast. But 
instead of pebbles, which are generally used at the present 
day to make a hard surface on the mortar, broken glass 
was used. This glass appears like that of common junk- 
bottles, broken into pieces of about half an inch diameter, 
the sharp corners of which penetrate the cement in such a 
manner that this great lapse of years has had no percep- 
tible efi"ect upon them. The figures 1680 were impressed 
into the rough-cast to show the year of its erection, 
and are now perfectly legible. This surface was also 
variegated with ornamental squares, diamonds, and flowers- 
de-luce. The building is only two stories high, and is 
about thirty-two feet long and seventeen wide ; yet tra- 
dition informs us that it was once the residence of two 
respectable families, and the front part was at the same 
time occupied for two shops, or stores. 

Before long, perhaps, the giant Progress may, in his 
march of improvement, tread down this ancient dwelling ; 
and where the sunshine and the moonlight glimmered on 
its dim windows for years, great granite, unpicturesque 



OLD HOUSE. 5 

warehouses may rise and throw grim commercial shadows 
over the thoroughfare. But we have an antiquarian's 
desire that it may remain, if only as a memorial of the 
early days of Boston. Its very dinginess is delightful. 
From the upper windows, just beneath those peaked roofs, 
some gentleman of the olden days might, " once upon a 
time," have looked upon his little ones sporting among 
the daisies of his garden; or some pretty maiden have 
watched its lozenge-shaped panes flashing back the moon- 
beams as she sauntered home with her lover from their 
evening walk in the mall on Boston Common; for as early 
as 1646 that now unrivalled promenade was so called. 

Few care about the old North-street house, now-a-days. 
In neglect and decay, it is eclipsed by its modern neigh- 
bors. Careless and careful folk alike hurry by it; but 
occasionally children lift up their little, wondering eyes to 
the strange habitation. And to them it is indeed strange ; 
they are so used to newness and novelty, that they can 
scarcely comprehend antiquity. To many a youthful 
mind an old-fashioned house raises ideas of spectral ladies 
and gentlemen walking up and down impossible stairs, or 
gliding through dreary rooms, or of ghostly individuals 
loudly clanking invisible chains ; but in the case of this 
old dwelling of North-street such dismal ideas are rapidly 
put to flight by furs hanging out of the windows, and 
1* 



6 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

various articles for sale in the stores beneath. Super- 
stition flies before " Sales for Gash ! " 

Boston Stone, a sketch of which forms the vignette 
illustration of this chapter, was found in the cellar of a 
house in Marshall-street. A resident in the neighborhood 
says it was a paint-mill, the ball being what painters now 
call the muller. The paint was placed in the cavity of a 
flat stone, and there ground with oil by the ball. Other 
explanations as to the origin and uses of this Boston 
Stone are afloat, but it is needless to repeat them here. 
The stone itself, however, is worthy of inspection, and 
deserves, perhaps, an antiquarian immortality. 

Dr. J. V. C. Smith, in his " Ancient and Modern 
Boston," published in the Boston Almanac for 1853, says : 
' There are reminiscences connected with the growth of 
Boston that deserve to be kept in remembrance. For 
example, where the Maine Station House, in Haymarket- 
square, stands, there was an open canal but a few years 
ago, and the line of the track is over the course of it to 
the water. Where Causeway-street is, there was formerly 
a wall from Lowell-street, running north-easterly to rear 
of Charlestown old bridge, called the Causeway, making a 
pond of many acres, between Prince and Pitts streets. 
Many aged persons are in the habit of calling all that 
region between Merrimac and Prince streets, to this day, 
the Mill Pond. A remnant of the last tide-mill is still 



ANCIENT AND MODERN BOSTON. 7 

believed to exist on the east side of Charlestown-street, in 
the form of a stable. All of that large tract of land 
known technically as the South Cove was actually a body 
of water, covering an area of seventy-two acres, within 
the recollection of those not far removed from childhood. 
The Neck may truly be said to be nearly all artificial. 
Where the wide street runs to Roxbury, was a mere 
ridge, scarcely removed from the reach of high tides, at the 
period of the Revolution. By building the Boston and 
Roxbury Mill-dam, the whole of the back bay, between 
Washington-street and the wall, was reclaimed from 
Charles river and the ocean. 

" Whole streets have been detached from the domain of 
Neptune, as India, Broad, Commercial, Brighton, nearly 
the whole of Charles, Fayette, and several more that are 
now at considerable distance from the water. At East 
Boston very large additions to the territory have been 
made within a few years. All the wharves, by which 
Boston is nearly surrounded, are certainly artificial works, 
of immense cost, but esteemed excellent and productive 
property. It is not improbable that men are now living 
who remember to have seen the bowsprit of vessels pro- 
jecting into Liberty-square." 

Boston is styled the Athens of America. It should 
have been the State. In Boston the princely merchant's 
warehouse presents the appearance of a palace, massive 



8 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

and grand. His counting-room is a picture of opulence, 
spacioas and beautiful ; his ware-rooms are crowded with 
the products of manufacture. Massive buildings of 
granite, all presenting the neatest and brightest appear- 
ance, everywhere meet the eye. Along the wharves 
immense ranges of warehouses extend the whole leno-th, 
at which the finest ships are discharging their foreign 
cargoes. Again, encircling her " Common," rise in beau- 
teous outlines spacious mansions, having the appearance 
of palaces, and presenting a scene of quiet beauty, 
unsurpassed by anything in the world ; they are the 
residences of her merchant princes. The whole scene is 
clothed in neatness, regularity, and good order ; there is a 
characteristic quietness about it which the people of Mas- 
sachusetts have made their own. Her public men are far- 
seeing, discreet, and dignified ; and when they move it is to 
some purpose. Her merchants are cautious, systematic in 
their business transactions, ready to advance in their 
proper time, and distinguished from that recklessness 
which marks the New Yorker. 



_j 'i"i'i||li 




CHAPTER II. 

FANEUIL HALL. FANEUIL HALL MARKET. CUSTOM 

HOUSE. EXCHANGE. OLD STATE HOUSE. 




We must not leave this neighborhood yet, for the Old 
House we have just been describmg is not the only object 
of interest hereabout. There is another noticeable build- 
ing — second, indeed, in interest to no other in Boston. 

(9) 



10 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

It is Faneuil Hall, or, as it is patriotically and meta- 
phorically termed, " The Cradle of American Liberty J* 
Not to Boston alone, but to the entire country does it 
seem to belong ; for in the annals of America it holds a 
foremost and most honorable position. Within its walls 
some of the finest specimens of American eloquence that 
have been heard from the days of Washington to those 
of Webster were delivered. When despotism threatened 
the colonies of George the Third, the first tones of defi- 
ance were uttered in Faneuil Hall. Liberty held there 
her high court, and from thence issued decrees a thousand 
times more potent than a king's proclamation or a czar's 
ukase. What wonder, then, that from far and near come 
admiring visitors to it, or that Boston should be proud of 
its possession ? 

Years ago there lived in Boston a merchant whose 
name was Peter Faneuil. He it was who immortalized 
his name by the gift of the building to the town of Bos- 
ton, for a town hall and market place. It was the best 
monument to his memory that he could possibly have 
devised. Faneuil Hall is a large, many-windowed struc- 
ture, of no particular order of architecture, surmounted 
by a cupola. The great hall to which you ascend (for 
the lower story is not a market now, but is divided into 
stores) is seventy-six feet square, and twenty-eight high ; 
round three sides runs a gallery, and Doric pillars sup- 



FANEUIL HALL. 



11 



port the ceiling. At the west end are several paintings 
— one of Peter Faneuil in full length ; another of Wash- 
ington by Stuart ; and there has recently been added 
Healey's picture of Webster making his celebrated speech 
in reply to Hayne. 

Over the great hall is another, where mihtary equip- 
ments ai'e kept; and there are also various offices for 
civic funotionaries. 

Leaving Faneuil Hall at its eastern end, and crossing 




Merchants' Row, we arrive at the entrance of Faneuil 
Hall Market. It is raised on a base of blue Quincy 



12 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

granite, with arched windows and doors communicating 
with cellars. The length of the Market is five hundrec 
and eighty-five feet nine inches, the width fifty feet, am 
built entirely of granite. In the centre is a buildinf 
seventy-four and a half by fifty-five feet, with projecting 
north and south fronts. At each end of the building are 
porticos. Over the Market proper is a second story, in 
the centre of which is a hall seventy feet by fifty, crowned 
by a dome, and named Quincy Hall, after Josiah Quincy, 
former mayor of the city, and is but a fitting monument 
of his genius. This hall and Faneuil Hall are united by 
a bridge thrown across the street once in three years, and 
in them the Massachusetts Mechanics' Charitable Associa- 
tion holds its fair. 

The principal entrances to the corridor, where the mar- 
ket is held, are from the eastern and western porticos. 
The corridor itself is eight hundred and twelve feet long 
by twelve wide. This space is divided into stalls, where 
various articles of provisions are always on sale. There 
are fourteen departments for mutton, lamb, veal, and 
poultry ; two for poultry and venison ; nineteen for pork, 
lamb, mutton, and poultry ; forty-five for beef; four for 
butter and cheese; nineteen for vegetables; and twenty 
for fish. Besides these, the visitor will, as he strolls from 
stall to stall, perceive many varieties of creature comfort ; 
and in one place he will be charmed with the melody of 



CUSTOM HOUSE. 13 

birds offered for sale in cages, and his olfactories may be 
regaled by odors from countless bouquets. 

Faneuil Hall Market was commenced on the 20th of 
August, 1824. Beneath the corner stone was deposited 
a plate bearing the followmg inscription : — 

"Faneuil Hall Market, established by the city of 
Boston. This stone was laid April 27, Anno Domini 
Mdcccxkv., in the forty-ninth year of American Inde- 
pendence, and in the third of the incorporation of the 
city. John Quincy Adams, President of the United 
States. Marcus Morton, Lt. Governor and Commander- 
in-Chief of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The 
population of the city estimated at 50,000 ; that of the 
United States, 11,000,000." 

The Market is situated between North and South Mar- 
ket Streets, in each of which business of various kinds, to 
immense amounts, is transacted. 

Leaving the Market, a few steps through Commercial 
Street bring us to the United States Custom House. 
It is an imposing edifice, standing at the head of the dock 
between Long and Central Wharves, at the foot of State 
Street. It is in the form of a Greek cross, the opposite 
sides and ends being alike. It is one hundred and forty 
feet long, north and south, seventy-five feet wide at the 
ends, and ninety -five feet through the centre. It is sur- 
mounted by a flat dome, which is ninety-five feet from 



14 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

the floor, and is built in the pure Doric order of architec 
ture. Each front has a portico of six fluted Doric col- 
umns, thirtj-two feet in height, and five feet four inches in 
diameter, and is approached by fourteen steps. The col- 
umns are in one piece of higlily-wrought granite, and each 
weighs forty-two tons. 




The Custom House is built on three thousand piles, 
driven in the most thorough manner. Immediately on the 
top of these piles is a platform of granite, one foot six 
inches thick, laid in hydraulic cement, and upon it the 
foundations of the walls were commenced. 



CUSTOM HOUSE. 15 

The roof of the building is covered with wrought gran- 
te tile, and the intersection of the cross is surmounted by 
L dome terminating in a skylight twent}--five feet in diam- 
!ter. The dome is also covered with granite tile. 

The cellar, which is ten feet six inches high to the 
2rown of the arches, is principally used for the storage of 
^oods, which are conveyed to it through the basement 
story. 

The principal ingress to the entrance story is through 
the porticos. This story contains apartments and offices 
for the assistant treasurer, the weighers and gangers, the 
measurers, inspectors, markers, superintendent of build- 
ing, &c. In the centre is a large vestibule, from which 
two broad flights of steps lead to the principal story, land- 
ing in two smaller vestibules therem, lighted by skylights 
in the roof; and these vestibules communicate with all the 
apartments in this story. The several rooms are for the 
collector, assistant collector, naval officer, surveyor, public 
storekeeper, their deputies and clerks. The grand cross- 
shaped rotunda, for the general business of the collector's 
department, in the centre of this story, is finished in the 
Grecian Corinthian order. It is sixty-three feet in its 
greatest length, fifty-nine feet wide, and sixty-two feet 
high to the skylight. 

The ceiling is supported by twelve columns of mar- 
ble, three feet in diameter and twenty-nine feet in height, 



16 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



with highly-wrought capitals; the ceiHng is ornamentedl 
in a neat and chaste manner, and the skylight is filled 
with stained glass. 

The building was commenced in 1837, and entirely 
completed in 1849. It has cost about $1,076,000, includ- 
ing the site, foundations, &c. 




Passing up State Street, we soon reach The Exchange. 
It is a splendid building, fronting on State Street. The 
corner stone was laid August 2, 1841 ; the building com- 
pleted 1842, and cost, exclusive of land, $175,000. The 
width on State Street is seventy-six feet, the height seventy 



THE EXCHANv.J.. 



17 



eet, the depth two hundred and liftj feet, and it covers 
hirteen thousand feet of land. 

The front is of Quincy granite, and has six columns, 
!ach forty-five feet in height, and weighing fifty-five tons. 
The staircases are of iron and stone, and the enth*e bulki- 
ng is fire-proof. The front is occupied by banks, insur- 
ince and other offices, and the rear is a hotel, while at the 
op is a telegraph station. There are three entrances, 
me on State, one on Congress, and one on Lindall Street. 




The Merchants' Exchange is up staii-s, and is a 
magnificent hall, eighty feet by fifty-eight feet, having its 

2* 



18 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

ceiling supported by eighteen imitation Sienna marble 
columns, with Corinthian capitals. There is a grand 
dome overhead, filled with stained glass. Here news- 
papers from all parts of the world are received, read, and 
filed. A superintendent, registrar, news collector, boat- 
men, messengers, &c., are attached to the room, and are 
in attendance from seven o'clock in the morning until ten 
at night. Vessels arriving are immediately registered, as 
well as shipping news telegraphed from distant ports. 
Clearances, invoices per railroad, ships, &c., are all en- 
tered, with the name of the consignee, on books kept for 
the purpose. Sales of stocks, cotton, &c., are also regia^ 
tered. Merchants, singly, are admitted to all the privi- 
leges of the room for eight dollars a year ; firms of two 
persons, ten dollars, &c. These are called subscribers, 
and have the privilege of introducing strangers, whose 
names having been registered in a book kept for that pur- 
pose, are allowed to visit the room and read the papers 
during their stay in the city. The board of brokers have 
their rooms in the Exchange ; and other portions of it are 
used for banking offices, brokers' offices, railroad offices, &c. 
The architectural beauty of the building, and the chaste 
but elaborate workmanship of its rotunda, are alone worth 
a visit. 

The centre of the basement story is occupied by the 
Post Office, where there is a general delivery, a box 



thp: old state house. 19 

delivery, a ladies' delivery, and a newspaper deliver}-, 
besides telegraph and bank offices. 

On Change are anxious men, during banking hours, as 
ever met to buy stocks, sell shares, lend money, or nego- 
tiate loans. From the stone steps of the Post Office to the 
Old State House the crowd extends ; and even a strange 
eye may soon detect the shrewd curbstone broker, balancing 
himself with a tilting motion at the edge of the pavement, 
or the anxious borrower, as he eagerly claims friendship 
with those whose acquaintance he will want to disown a 
few moments later ; while in the centre a speckled cow, 
fatted pig, or evergreen tree invites the attention of those 
not otherwise engaged; while overlooking all, with a 
grave and knowing look, stands the Old State House, 
at the head of State Street, havmg one front on Washing- 
ton Street. It retains to the present day many of the 
architectural peculiarities of tlj^ period when it was built, 
especially that part looking towards the harbor. On its 
summit are signal staffs, where are displayed the flags of 
different merchants when their ships are approaching the 
city, and a modern clock decorates State Street end. 
The lower story is now converted into stores and lawyers' 
and editors' offices ; and where the General Court of the 
Province of Massachusetts used to be holden, gentlemen 
are suited with legal measures, or are measured for panta- 



20 



BOaXUN SIGHTS. 



loons — lawyers and tailors pursuing their several voca- 
tions beneath the Old State House roof. 

Fanning the old house with their continuous fluttering, I 
(but still depending on it for support,) float the beauteous 
flags of different daily papers ; and as they curl lazily up, ; 
seem plainly to say, " We show the condition of the world \ 




abroad and at home. Not a steamer arrives but we herald. 
the news." And then, as the folds roll out with an indig-f 
nant flap, they seem to flirt out that the last news from 
Kansas or Washington was not to their liking ; then they 
stop, and leave us to search in the papers they severally 



THE OLD STATE HOUSE. 21 

represent for particulars ; and it is no easy job to make a 
selection, for there is the Journal, Atlas, Bee, Ledger, and 
Chronicle close at hand, and the Traveller, Transcript, 
Advertiser, Post, Herald, and I know not how many 
Dthers, whose shadows do not fall on the hundred-year-old 
windows of the Old State House. 



CHAPTER III. 

OLD SOUTH CHURCH. BIRTHPLACE OF FRANKLIN. 

CITY HALL. COURT HOUSE. STONE CHAPEL. 

CEMETERY. 

The Old South Church stands on Washington 
Street, not far from the Old State House. So much his- 
torical interest is attached to tliis time-honored building 
that we must be pardoned if we are rather minute in our 
Qotice of it, for which we are indebted to a sketch in 
Gleason's (now Ballou's) Pictorial. 

During the first of the seven years' war, a church of 
this then town of Boston of ten thousand inhabitants, that 
externally appeared much as it now does, internally pre- 
sented a strange scene. The sanctuary was profanely 
converted into a riding school for Burgoyne's cavalry. 
The pulpit and the pews, all hallowed by devotion, had 
been taken out to light the fires of our enemies, the library 
of the good pastor being used for kindlings. Hundreds 
of loads of dirt and gravel were carted into the church, 
that it might better answer tlie strange use to which it was 
put. A box was suspended four feet from the floor, over 

(23) 



24 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

which fierce horses, driven by furious riders, leaped. Th 
galleries were occupied, not, as now, by those who free! 
heard the word of God, but by spectators of the game 
below, and by those who sold liquors and refreshments, nc 
having a reverence for the sanctuary, nor the fear of th 
Maine Law before their eyes. The Old South Churcl 
as every body knows, was the centre of this dissipation; 
church that has been intimately connected with the histor 
of Boston from an early period. At the time alluded t( 
]Mr. Blackstone's farm was converted into the town o 
Boston, containing " about two thousand dwelling houses 
mostly of wood, with scarce any public buildings, bu 
eight or nine chui'ches, the Old State House, and Faneui 
Hall." The Old South Church, like the First Churcl 
and the first Baptist, was organized in Charlestown b; 
seceders from the First Church, who were disaffected wit 
a call extended to Rev. John Davenport. The first meet 
ing house was erected on the spot where the present on 
stands, corner of Washington and Milk Streets. The sit 
was the gift of Mrs. Norton, widow of Rev. John Nortor 
who was pastor of the First Church. The first house wa 
erected soon after the church was gathered, in 1669. 
was built of wood, with a spire and square pcAvs. Th 
first pastor was Rev. Thomas Thatcher, an eminent divine 
a native of Salisbury, England. Besides being an emi 
nent theologian he was a physician, and published the fii*s 



OLD SOUTH (JHUKCH. 25 

nedical tract that ever was issued in Massachusetts. His 
juccessors were Willard, the eminent divine, Pemberton, 
he eloquent pulpit orator, Sewall, who was known as 
' good Dr. Sewall," who was pastor of the church for fifty 
r^ears, and when his health failed, near the close of his 
ife, was carried into the pulpit, and instructed the people 
rom Sabbath to Sabbath ; Prince, the able divine and 
earned sclTolar, Gumming, Blair, Bacon, Hunt, Eckley, 
Huntington, the first sole pastor, the devoted Wisner, the 
gifted and short-Uved Steams, and Blagden, who now 
Qinisters to this ancient church — fifteen in all. 

The present Old South Church is a substantial structure 
>f brick, of a style of architecture that is chaste and be- 
oming, though not uncommon. It stands as it has stood 
or more than a century — it having been erected in the 
'ear 1730. The last sermon was preached in the old 
lOuse March 2, 1729. The next day it was taken down, 
vhen it was found to be so much decayed that it was 
hought the congregation, the day before, had "a very 
Tacious preservation." A curious plan of the lower floor 
f the present house is before us, under the head, " Pues 
n ye lower flore in ye Metting House," evidently drawn 
oon after the building was finished and the pews sold, 
^rom this plan it appears that the house is eighty-eight 
set by sixty-one, and that it is substantially now as it was 
t the beginning. Formerly there was a high elders' seat 
3 



26 BOSTON SIGHTS. 



n 



directly in front of the pulpit, and a deacons' seat nearly 
as high. Several of the best pews in the house, accord- 
ing to the custom of the time, were devoted to the accom- 
modation of the aged — a custom that has become obso- 
lete. Li this plan the names of the pew holders are 
given, embracing some of the noblest names of the time, 
such as Governor Belcher, Franklin, Bromfield, Brattle, 
Winslow, Cotton, Eliot, &c. The following church record 
will assist the reader in understanding the disposition of 
the congregation in the new edifice. " At a meeting of 
the South Church, in their brick meeting house, August 5, 
1730, Voted, That the deacons be desired to procure some 
suitable person to take the oversight of the children and 
servants in the galleries, and take care that good order be 
maintained in time of divine worship ; and that a sufii- 
cient reward be allowed for the encouragement of such a 
person.** 

The Old South Church is a noble structure, situated 
now in the very heart of the city, though, as its name indi- 
cates, at the beginning at its southern extremity. It is sm-- 
mounted by one of the loftiest spires in the city. Its bell 
is large and fine toned, and more eyes are upturned to its 
clock daily, we venture to say, than to any other timekeeper 
in New England. Indeed, it is to New England, as to the 
Jiours, what Boston is as to business* The house is very 
capacious, and, with its two galleries, will seat, perhaps. 



OLD riUUTH CHUKCH. 'il 

more than any other church in the city. The pulpit is 
very high for these times, and is overshadowed by a sound- 
ing board that makes Httle children feai' for the head of 
the minister- This pulpit is the second in the present 
house, the first one being what was styled a " tub " jDulpit. 
The pews, though built not after the modern style, are all 
:he more comfortable ; and it would seem that the owners 
lever thought of the fact that the land beneath them was 
.vorth thirty dollars the square foot. 
Considerable interest clusters around the Old South 

Church, or " The Sanctuary of Freedom," as it has been 

ermed, from the patriotic assemblages that were gathered 
kithin its walls just previous to the outbreak of the revo- 

ution. In this church Franklin worshipped and was bap- 
i ized. Here that prince of preachers, Whitefield, lifted 
1 ip his voice like a trumpet. In this temple " our enemies 

n war and our friends in peace " did that which for a mo- 

aent saddens our interest. Within these walls the elec- 
t ion sermons have been delivered annually before " the 
! towers that be," and multitudes have been educated for 

lie church triumphant in heaven. To the Bostonian, the 
' ery name of the " Old South " brings back childish recol- 
> actions and happy early associations. Before the city had 
' gro^Mi as to extend almost out of town^ this was a sort 
\ f landmark in the designating of distances ; any given 

)cality was about so far from the " Old South," this or 



28 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

that side of the " Old South," &c. Lideed, the church i^ 

not only a sort of landmark as regards the bearings in ouij 

harbor, as considered by the pilots, but is also a point ofl 

departure, so to speak, on the land itself. There are fe^ 

notable localities in the city of notions better known thaij 

i 
is this venerable and revered pile, and the site it occupie^ 

— a silent remembrancer of scenes and events associate^ 

with all that is dear to Americans. • 

There is a library connected with this church, that wa^ 
bequeathed by Rev. Thomas Prince. It is a precious 
collection, containing many standard works in church hia 
tory, biblical literature, valuable pamphlets, and manu- 
scripts. For nearly one hundred years this has been th< 
public library of that church, and accessible to any peri 
son desirous of using it for literary purposes. ! 

The Birthplace of Franklin was where the block 
of stores now stands that bear the inscription. On thai 
spot, under the very shadow of the Old South's tall spirej 
the printer, the legislator, the philosopher, the immortal 
Franklin, was born. 

Passing from Washington to Tremont Street, the visitoi 
will perceive on his right hand a large gray stone buildingj 
in front of which are grounds tastefully laid out with trees' 
and beds of flowers, and enclosed by an iron fence. This 
is the City Hall, It stands between Court Square and 
School Street, fronting on the latter. Here meetings of 



NKAV COLKT JIULSK. 



29 



the Council are held ; and here may be found the offices 
Df the Chief-of-police and many of the civic functionaries. 




The Board of aldermen meet in the main room every 
Monday afternoon, and the sittings of the common council 
are held on Thursday evemngs. 

Near the City Hall, and in its rear, is the New Court 
House. It stands in Court Square, and has a sedate, 
sober appearance, being destitute of ornament of any kind. 
Its form is that of a parallelogi-am, one hundred and 
seventy-six feet in length by fifty-four feet in breadth. It 
is fifty-seven feet in height, and consists of a basement and 
3* 



30 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

three stories. At each end is a fine portico of the Doric 
order, supported by four columns of fluted granite. There 
is not much to attract attention within, it being merely 
plain and substantial. An entrance hall traverses the 
entire length of the building, communicating with the por 
ticos and side doors. Stone staircases, branching off from 
this corridor, lead to the various court rooms. On the first 
floor are the Justices' Courts, Court of Lisolvency, and the 
ofiices of the clerks of the different courts. 

The Supreme Judicial Court sits for the hearing of 
legal arguments on the first Tuesday of March, and the 
term for the trial of jury causes commences on the seventh 
Tuesday next after the fourth Tuesday of September. 
The Common Pleas Court for the county of Suffolk is 
held in tlie court room in the third story on the first Tues- 1 
day of January, April, July, and October ; and the Mu- j 
nicipal Court, of which the justices of the Common Pleas I 
are ex officio judges, is held in the room appropriated for I 
that purpose on the first Monday of every month. The I 
Police Court is busied every day in the trial of criminal 
offenders, and also sits every Wednesday and Saturday as | 
a Justices' Court for determining civil causes under twenty 
dollars. The Social Law Library room, on the second 
floor, is a comfortable and well-hghted apartment, and 
contams a good selection of juridical text books, including 



CEMETERY. 31 

mters in general law, and the English and American 
ileports. 

In the basement are cells for the temporary accommo- 
lation of prisoners ; and at the side door opposite the 
he Railroad Exchange may be seen every morning, about 
nine o'clock, the jail van discharging its load of prisoners 
br examination. To one fond of seeing human nature in 
ill its phases, an hour in the PoHce Court any morning 
svill not be thrown away. 

Nearly opposite the City Hall stands Horticultural 
Hall, a neat stone edifice ; up stairs is the hall, which is 
lofty, large, and beautiful. It is used for horticultural, 
t panoramic, and other exhibitions. 

I Chapman Hall is directly in the rear, with an en- 
trance on Chapman Place. These rooms also are light 
md airy. Stone Chapel stands at the comer of School 
and Tremont Streets. It was built in 1750, and is a plain, 
substantial structure. The corner stone was laid by Gov- 
ernor Shirley. The Cemetery adjoining (from the pre- 
cious dust it holds) should be forever revered by native 
and stranger. Johnson, the " Father of Boston," as he 
has been termed, according to his wish was buried here ; 
and the people evinced their affection for him by ordering 
' their bodies to be buried near him ; and this was the origin 
of the first burying-place in Boston. 

The Lady Arabella, his wife, was the pride and love 



32 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

of the colony; and historians tell us that though there 
were several other women of distinction who encountered 
the fatigues and dangers of those days v/ith laudable reso- 
lution, the devotedness of this lady — lady in deed as well 
as name — was conspicuous above all. 

The sentiments of her heart to him are described in the 
following language : " Whithersoever your fatall destine 
shall dryve you, eyther by the furious waves of the great 
ocean, or by the many-folde and horrible dangers of the 
lande, I wyl surely not leave your company. There can 
no peryll chaunce to me so terrible, nor any kinde of 
death so cruell, that shall not be much easier for me to 
abyde than to live so farre separate from you." 

She came to the wilderness, illumined it by her love, 
her piety, her charities and faith, and died in the then 
mere village of Salem. Not one of those who had known 
her but wept bitterly at the event. It was as if all the 
flowers of the garden should hang their heads at the blast- 
ing of the rose. May her memory distil sweets upon the 
hearts of wives like her 



" And from her fair and unpolluted flesh 
May violets spring," forever. 



Many are the good and great whose remains repose 



CEMETERY. 



38 



lere ; but no character of those days has come down to us 
vith brighter memories than that of Governor John Win- 
hrop, whose remains also repose in the Chapel Burial 
3rR0UND, in the family tomb, on the north side. 




•WINSLOW CHAIR, AT MASS. HISTORICAL SOriETT, 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE BOSTON MUSEUM. HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 

Perhaps of all the places of public amusement in the 
good city of Boston, not one is so generally popular as this. 
Nor is its great success undeserved ; for it has ever been 




j the aim of its enterprising proprietor, Hon. Moses Kim- 
ball, while providing every possible novelty for the gratifi- 
cation of the masses, to carefully exclude every thing that 

(3.5) 



36 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

could be in the slightest degree objectionable. Hence the 
Museum has become the great family resort, as well as 
the visitors' choicest treat. 

First, for its locality. On Tremont Street, between 
Court and School Streets, it stands, a spacious and superb 
building, its front adorned by elegant balconies and rows 
of ground glass globes, like enormous pearls, which at 
night are luminous with gas. Three tiers of elegantly 
arched windows admit light into the building, and we 
reach the interior by a bold flight of stairs. 

At the summit of these stairs is an elegant ticket and 
treasurer's office, and adjoining it the entrance to the 
Grand Hall of Cabinets, wliich is surrounded by a 
gallery, and whose ceiling is supported by noble Corin- 
thian pillars. Around the gallery front are arranged por- 
traits of celebrated Americans. On the floor of the hall 
are statuary and superb works of art, and, arranged in 
glass cases, curiosities from all parts of the known world. 
The galleries, reached by a grand staircase, are filled Avith 
the rich and rare products of many a chme ; not an inch 
of space is thrown away. Ascending still higher, we find 
a superb collection of wax figures, singly and in gi'oups ; 
and surmounting all is an observatory, whence splendid 
panoramic views of the city, the harbor, and its islands 
may be obtained. 

The Museum Theatre is one of the most beautifully 



BOSTON MUSEUM. 



37 




lecorated, best constructed, and well managed theatres in 
he United State?. The visitor there has no rowdyism to 
-1 



38 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

fear, and notliinf' ever occurs, either in the audience por 
tion or on the stage, to offend the most fastidious. A 
good order is maintained in Mr. Kimball's theatre as ii 
any drawing room in the land. The company, too, i| 
always first rate. Some of our best actors have beeij 
trained on the Museum boards. But besides having a 
stock company which cannot be surpassed, " stars " of th^ 
first theatrical magnitude are often engaged ; and brilliam 
spectacles, with all the accessories of suj^erb scenery, deli- 
cious music, gorgeous costumes, banners, and other appro- 
priate appointments, are produced several times in eac 
season, in all the magnificence that money and skill caij 
accomplish, and are a marked feature of the place, thaj 
cannot easily be surpassed. Few persons who visit Bo3-| 
ton ever think of quitting it without paying the Museumj 
a visit, for it contains amusement and information for all. 

The Museum building alone cost nearly a quarter of a| 
million of dollars, and covers twenty thousand feet ofj 
land, the whole of which, with its numerous cabinets, iS| 
crowded with every variety of birds, quadrupeds, fish,'! 
reptiles, insects, shells, minerals, fossils, &c. Then there j 
is the Feejee Mermaid, alluded to by Barnum, in his 




BOSTON MUSEUM. 



39 



Autobiography, together with more than one thousand 
costly paintings, among Ayliich is Sully's great picture of 
Wasliington crossing the Delaware, portraits by Copley, 
West, Stuart, &c. In short there are to be seen nearly 
live hundred thousand articles of every conceivable rare 
and curious thing of nature and art in the Museum, and 
all for the marvellously small sum of twenty-live cents. 
The theatre is open every evening, and on Wednesday and' 
Saturday afternoons. 




The rooms of the MASSAcnrsEXTs Historical So- 
ciety are next the Museum, in a granite building on 



40 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

Tremont Street. The library of the society contains 
about eight thousand volumes, with maps, charts, and 
four hundred and fifty vohimes of manuscripts. Amonp; 
the treasures are manuscripts of the historian Hub- 
bard, of the first Governor Winthrop, eleven volumes 
of Governor Hutchinson, of Governor Jonathan Trum- 
bull, of Connecticut, twenty-three volumes, and the manu- 
script of Washington's address to the officers of the 
American army. There is also a copy of Eliot's Indian 
Bible. The portraits of persons, mostly New England 
worthies, adorn the room ; two of special value are, Rev. 
Increase Mather and Rev. John Wilson. These rooms 
contain many relics of the past ; among these are Philip's 
samp pan^ an article of Indian antiquity that perhaps 
may have been used by Massasoit himself before it be- 
came the property of his youngest son, the renowned 
sachem of Pokanoket ; and here also is Captain Church's 
sword, with which the chief was slain. The Carver 
sword, a worthy memento of a pilgrim, speaks louder 
than words of the dangers our forefathers incurred be- 
fore a city's smoke rose from the three hills of Shaw- 
mut ; and Winslow's chair, that tradition says " was made 
in London in 1614, and brought over in the Mayflower 
by Edward Winslow," now, after many years of hard 
service, is treasured as a valuable heirloom. 



CHAPTER V. 

BOSTON ATHEN^UM. CLUB HOUSE. COCniTUATE 

HALL. 




The magnificent building for the use of tlie Boston 
Athen.eum is situated on Beacon Street, near the State 
House. It is of Patterson freestone, and in the Palladian 
4 * (41) 



42 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

Style of architecture. It is one hundred and fourteen feet 
m length, of irregular breadth, sixty feet in height, and 
stands ten feet back from the street, the ground space in 
rront being surrounded by a balustrade with stone coping. 
The main entrance opens into a pillared and panelled 
rotunda, from which fine ii'on stakcases conduct above. 

The Sculpture Gallery is in the first story, and is 
eighty feet in length. Its entrance is immediately oppo- 
site the front door. Here is to be fomid a fine collection 
of works of art in marble, and casts in plaster. Among 
them are. The Head of Satan, by Horatio Greenough; 
Little Nell, by Ball Hughes ; Orpheus, by T. G. Craw- 
ford; the Shipwrecked Mother and Child, by E. A. 
Brackett ; casts of Day and Night, by Michael An- 
gelo ; the original model of the statue of the Dying 
Indian, by P. Stephenson, and the First Wliisper of 
Love, by W. C. Marshall, will not fail to attract the 
attention and win the admiration of all lovers of art. 
Five marble bass reliefs from Nineveh are deposited here. 
Apart from the value which attaches to these remains, 
considered simply as antiquities, they possess a far higher 
value on account of the remarkable confirmations which 
the inscriptions afford of the truth of Scripture history. 
These in the Sculpture Gallery are of the same kind as 
those deposited in the British Museum, and described in 
Layard's works. 



BOSTON ATHEN^UM. 43 

The Reading Kooms are on the right of the vestibule. 
On the left is the Trustees' Room. Near the foot of the 
staircase stands Ball Hughes's statue of Bowditch, and a 
very fine one of Webster, by Powers. 

The Library occupies the second story, which is divided 
into three rooms, two in front, and one large hall (one hun- 
dred and nine feet by forty) in the rear. This hall is 
beautifully finished in the Itahan style. The shelving is 
carried to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, and the 
upper shelves are made accessible by means of a light 
iron gallery reached by five spiral staircases. Besides 
sixty-seven thousand bound volumes, this library pos- 
sesses twenty thousand or more of unbound pamphlets, 
between four and five hunch'ed volumes of engravings, 
and the most valuable collection of coins in tliis part of 
the country. It also contains part of the library of Wash- 
ington — in all about four hundred and fifty bound vol- 
umes. The library is hardly surpassed, either in size or 
in value, by any other in the country ; and its regulations 
are framed with the design that it shall answer the high- 
est purposes of a public library. Strangers not residing 
within twenty miles of Boston can easily obtain admittance. 

Picture Gallery. — The third story contains four 
rooms that are appropriated to the exhibition of paint- 
ings, and of these there is an admirable collection. A 
numbered catalogue may be obtained at the door. Many 



44 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

of the paintings belong to private individuals, and are 
liable to removal ; so we shall avoid mention of them, and jj 
brieliy touch on a few belonging to the Athenceum. Here I 
are the portraits of "Washington and of Lady Washing- !| 
ton, by Stuart ; the Sortie of Gibraltar, by Trumbull ; 
Judith with the Head of Holofernes ; Count of Wurtem- i 
berg lamenting liis Child, by Ary Schoeffer; St. Michael 
chaining Satan, after Guido ; Flaying of Marsayas, by } 
Luca Giordano ; Priam receiving the Dead Body of Hec- 
tor, by Trumbull. In conclusion, we cannot help mention- 
ing Dante and Beatrice, by Ary SchafFer, and the Course 
of Empire, by Cole. The gallery is well worthy of fre 
quent visits, and will doubtless do much to promote the 
progress of art in Boston. 

Admittance twenty-five cents, the Sculpture Gallery 
included. 

Returning tow^ards Washington Street, a few steps 
bring us to the Club House, corner of Beacon and 
Park Streets, a mansion interesting from the fact that itl 
was fitted up for the accommodation of General Lafayette 
and his suite, when the illustrious friend of Washington 
was the guest of the city. At the period of the revolu- 
tion the almshouse stood upon this site, extending on 
Beacon Street beyond the westerly boundary of the Athe- 
ni"eum estate. Next to it, on Park Street, was the work- 
house ; then came the town pound ; on the site of Park 



CLUB HOUSE. 



45 



Street Church stood the granary, whence the name of the 
adjacent burying ground. In the enclosure of the work- 
house yard, we believe, the bodies of the British soldiers 
killed at Bunker Hill were laid out, in the order of theu- 
regiments and companies, previous to interment. 

The old almshouse was pulled down in the year 1800, 
and in the early part of the century the large building 




shown in the engraving was erected for and occupied by 
Jonathan Amory. Many a splendid ball and party have 
been given in that aristocratic mansion; many a belle 
there devastated the hearts of young Bostonians — many 



40 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

of whom, victors and vanquished, have long since passed 
away from this earthly stage. For many years the build- 
ing has been occupied as a club house. 

CocHiTUATE Hall is not remarkable for its size, and, 
although well lighted, is difficult of access. 



i 



CHAPTER VI. 

[REMONT TEMPLE. MEIONAON. PARK STREET CHURCH. 

GRAN4RY CEMETERY. NEW MUSIC HALL. MA- 
SONIC TEMPLE. 




This spacious edifice stands opposite the Tremont 
House, Tremont Street. Of a rich and warm brown tint, 
produced by a coating of mastic, it presents a peculiarly 

(47> 



48 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

substantial and elegant frontage. It is seventy-five feet iiij 
height, and, Avith the exception of ten feet by sixty-eiglit,| 
which is left open on the north si(^ for light, the building, 
covers an area of thirteen thousand feet. ' 

Passing through the gi'eat central doorway, we find our- 
selves in the spacious entrance hall. On the first ^loor we . 
observe on our right and left hand two ticket ofHces, and 
a broad flight of stairs also on either hand, each of which 
at their summit terminates in a landing, from whence to 
right and left diverge two flights of similar staircases, one 
landing you in the centre of the main hall, and the other 
to the rear part and the gallery. 

The Main Hall is a magnificent apartment. Tlie| 
utter absence of gilding and coloring on its walls renders 
it far more imposing and grand in appearance than if it 
had been elaborately ornamented with auriferous and 
chromatic splendors. It is one hundred and twenty-four 
feet long, seventy-two feet wide, and fifty feet high. 
Around the sides of it runs a gallery supported on trusses, 
so that no pillars intervene between the spectators and the 
platform, to obstruct the view. The front of this gallery 
is balustraded, and by this means a very neat and uniform 
effect is secured. The side galleries project over the seats 
below about seven feet. They are fitted with rows of 
nicely-cushioned and comfortable seats, and are not so 
high as to render the ascent to them wearisome in the 



TREMONT TEMPLE. 49 

least degi'ee. The fi'ont gallery, though it projects into 
the hall only ten feet, extends back far enough to give it 
more tlian three times that depth. 

Directly opposite this gallery is the platform, with its 
ofi-acefully-panelled, semicircular front. This platform, 
covered with a neat oil cloth, communicates with the side 
galleries by a few steps, for the convenience of large 
choirs. There are also several avenues of communication 
from the platform to the apartments, dressing rooms, &c., 
behind, which are exceedingly convenient, and are far 
superior to the places of exit and entrance from and to 
any other place of the kind that we have ever seen. 

From the front of the platform the floor of the hall 
^adually rises so as to afford every person in the hall a 
full and unobstructed view of the speakers or vocalists, as 
the case may be. The seats in the galleries rise in like 
oianner. The seats on the hall floor are admirably 
arranged in a semicircular form from the front of the 
platform, so that every face is directed towards the 
speaker or singer. They are each one numbered, have 
iron ends, are capped with mahogany, and are completely 
cushioned with a drab-colored material. Each slip is 
capable of containing ten or twelve persons, with an aisle 
at each extremity, and open from end to end. 

The side walls of the hall are very beautifully orna- 
mented in panels, arched and decorated with circular 



50 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

ornaments, which would be difficult properly to describe 
without the aid of accompanying drawings ; but as views! 
of the interior of the Temple will soon be common enoughJ 
the omission here will be of little consequence. As w^ 
intimated, there is no fancy coloring; it is a decorated! 
and relieved surface of dead white, and the effect, lighted 
as it is from above by large panes of rough plate glass, i^ 
beautifully chaste. The only color observable in the hall! 
is the purple screen behind the diamond open work at thej 
back of the platform, and which forms a screen in front 
of the organ. 

The ceiling is very*iinely designed in squares, at the 
intersections of which are twenty-eight gas burners, with] 
strong reflectors, and a chandeher over the orchestra,] 
shedding a mellow but ample light over the hall. Byi 
this arrangement the air heated by innumerable jets of i 
gas is got rid of, and the lights themselves act as most] 
efficient ventilators. The eyes are likewise protected 
from glare ; and should an escape of gas take place, fromj 
its levity it passes up through shafts to the outside, andj 
does not contaminate the atmosphere below. Under thej 
galleries are common bm-ners. There are for day illumi- 
nation twelve immense plates of glass, ten feet long by 
four feet wide, placed in the ceiling, in the spring of thej 
arch, and open directly to the outer light, and by sixteen j 
smaller ones under the galleries. | 



TREMONT TEMPLE. 51 

The whole of the flooring of the hall, in the galleries, 
le body of it, and of the platform, consists of two layers 
P boards, with the interstices between them filled by a 
lick bed of mortar. The advantages of this in an acous- 
cal point of view must be obvious to all. Another ad- 
antage is, that the applause made by the audience in this 
reat hall does not disturb the people who may at the 
ime time be holding a meeting in the other hall below — 
very important consideration. 

There are eight flights of stairs leading from the floors 
f the main hall, and four from the galleries, the aggre- 
ate width of which is over fifty feet. 

The Boston Young Men's Christian Association occupy 
^veral beautiful rooms up one flight of stairs, which are 
dmirably adapted for their present uses and occupants, 
nd are rented by the Association for twelve hundi-ed dol- 
irs per annum, though it is estimated that they are worth 
t least fifteen hundred dollars ; but the Temple is owned 
y a church who were very desirous that a rehgious asso- 
iation should occupy them. The great organ, built by 
be Messrs. Hook,, is one of the finest instruments ever 
onstructed in this country. Its bellows is worked by 
team. 

The Tremont Temple, besides the great hall, contains a 
esser one, called The Meionaon, the main entrance to 
rhich is through the northerly passage way, opposite the 



52 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

doors of the Tremont House ; this avenue is about seven 
feet wide. The southerly passage way serves as an outlet 
from this lesser temple. 

Perhaps the reader, who may not have been initiated 
into the mysteries of Greek literature, may thank us for 
a definition of this strange-looking word, " Meionaon." It 
is so called from two Greek words — melon, signifying 
less, smaller, and naon, temple — Lesser Temple. It is 
pronounced Mi-o-na-on. This lesser temple is situated 
back from the street, and directly under the great hall. 
It is seventy-two feet long by fifty-two feet wide, and 
about twenty-five and a half feet higli. Not so elaborately 
adorned as its neighbor overhead, this hall is remarkably 
chastely and beautifully fitted up, and within its walls the 
religious society of Tremont Street Baptist Church wor- 
ship. Its walls are relieved by pilasters supporting arches. 
The seats are similarly arranged to those in the hall above, 
and are equally comfortable and commodious in all respects. 
At one end is a platform, on which, on Sabbath days, stands 
a beautiful little pulpit, of dark walnut, and cushioned with 
crimson velvet. At the other extremity of the hall is a 
gallery for a choir ; back of it stands a neat little organ. 
The place is beautifully adapted for sound, and competent 
judges say from their own experience that it is a remarka- 
bly easy place to speak in. From the hall to the outer 
door the way is through a broad passage way covered with 



PARK STKEET CHURCH. 53 

Manilla matting let into the floor, so that little dirt can be 
brought in from the street ; and as the doors swing on 
noiseless hinges, no interruption from scuffling of feet or 
slammings can ever occur. 

The Cupola. — In making our way thither we travel 
over the ceihng of the great hall, dropping our heads as 
we pass beneath roof and rafter, to save our hat and skull, 
and beholding beneath our feet a great network of gas- 
piping connected with the burners of the hall under us. 
In long rows are square ventilators, which discharge their 
streams of vitiated air on the outside. 

The cupola forms a spacious observatory, glazed all 
round, and from every window is obtained a charming 
view, the whole forming one of the most superb pano- 
ramas that we ever witnessed. From this elevated spot 
may be seen the adjacent villages and towns, the harbor 
and its islands, the city institutions, churches, houses, and 
shipping. In short, the whole city and vicinity lies at our 
feet. 

Park Street Church is situated at the comer of 
Tremont and Park Streets. The spire is remarkably 
beautiful, and the interior very spacious and striking. 
Close by hes Granary Burying Ground — a spot hal- 
lowed by the remains of many good, and brave, and beau- 
tiful as such can be. Here a mounument has been laid 
over the graves of Dr. Frankhn's parents. It is an obelisk 



54: 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



twenty-five feet high, formed of seven blocks of Quincy 
granite, each weighing about six tons ; and the name of 
" FrankUn " can be easily read from the street. The I 
stranger often stops to gaze at the squirrels racing among 




those gray old tombstones, or to read the time-worn inscrip- 
tions of the mourned ones' virtues — virtues perhaps not 
visible during life, but " known and read of all men " when 
they have passed away. 

Nearly across the street from here is 

The New Music Hall. — Until within the last few 
years, although a musical people, the city was sadly in 



NEW MUSIC HALL. 55 

vant of a fitting place for concerts, &c. Now, however, 
,ve have a Music Hall of the first class, Avhich we can 
-efer to with pride as an ornament to our metropolis, and 
m index of the taste and liberahty of Boston. 

There has been no attempt at display on the exterior 
)f the building, it being deemed important to reserve, as 
far as practicable, for the interior the means contributed 
for the enterprise. 

The hall is one hundred and thirty feet long, seventy- 
eight feet wide, and sixty-five feet high, the proportion of 
length to width being as five to three, and of length to 
lieight as two to one. Two balconies extend round three 
sides of the hall. 

The ceilmg, which is forty feet above the floor of the 
upper balcony, is in general section flat, and connected 
with the wall by a large cove, in which are seventeen 
semicircular windows, that light the hall by day. A row 
of gas jets, projecting from the edge of the cornice, just 
below these windows, light the hall by night. 

The floor is arranged with seats which will accommo- 
date upwards of fifteen hundred persons, and there is suffi- 
cient room in the balconies for upwards of one thousand 
more. 

The orchestral platform is raised five feet above the 
floor of the hall, and rises by a few steps to the organ. 
From each side of the orchestra to the floor of the lower 



56 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

I 

balcony is a series of raised platforms for choristers, orj 
for the audience, as may be required. The whole orches- 
tra will accommodate upwards of four hundred persons. , 

The whole has been constructed with special reference | 
to the science of acoustics — a consideration of the utmost i 
importance in a building intended for a music hall. The I 
architect, George Snell, Esq., has endeavored to combine 
in this structure the advantages which he has been able to 
discover by a careful personal examination of numerous 
music halls in Europe and America. This is of especial 
importance, as it is proposed to have one of the lai-gest 
organs in the world placed here. 

In the matter of ventilation, the architect has had the 
assistance of the large experience, in that department, of 
Dr. Morrill Wyman, of Cambridge. Mr. Alpheus C. 
Morse, a native of Boston, (a partner of Mr. Snell,) has 
also assisted in the arrangement of the decorations of the 
interior. 

The entrances are from Winter Street, Bumstead Place, 
and Bromfield Street. Ample accommodations are afford- 
ed for drawing rooms, alcoves, offices, &c. 

Masonic Temple. — This building is situated in Tre- 
mont Street, on part of the land that was formerly Wash- 
ington Gardens. The corner stone was laid October 11, 
1830, with appropriate Masonic ceremonies, by the Grand 
Lodge of Massachusetts. This Temple was dedicated May 



MASONIC TEMPLE. 



57 



30, 1832. It is sixty feet wide, and eighty and a half 
feet long, and fronts Avestwardly on Tremont Street. The 
nralls are fifty-two feet high, of stone, covered with a slated 
roof, twenty-four feet high, containing sixteen windoAvs to 
light the attic story. The gutters are of cast iron, and 
the water trunks are of copper. The basement is of fine 




lammered granite, twelve feet high, with a belt of the 
^ame. The towers at the comers next Tremont Street 
ire sixteen feet square, surmounted with granite battle- 
oaents, and pinnacles rising ninety-five feet from the 
sround. The door and window frames are of fine ham- 



58 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

mered granite, and the main walls, from the basement to 
the roof, are of Quincy granite, disposed in courses, in 
such a manner as to present a finished appearance to the 
eye. The blocks are triangular in shape, and there is 
probably no other such building in Massachusetts. 

From the street are two flights of winding stairs in 
the towers, sufficiently spacious to admit a free entrance 
to the five stories of the building. The first story is 
occupied for miscellaneous purposes; the second by the 
spacious salesrooms of Messrs. Chickering & Sons; and 
the third, fourth, and fifth stories for Masonic purposes. 
The difierent Lodges meet as follows : — 

St. John's Lodge, first Monday ; St. Andrew's, second 
Thursday ; Massachusetts, third Monday ; Columbian, firsij 
Thm-sday; Mount Lebanon, second Monday; Winslowl 
Lewis Lodge, second Friday ; Revere Lodge, first Tues 
day; Germania Lodge, fourth Monday; St. Andrew'^ 
Chapter, first Wednesday ; St. Paul's Chapter, third Tues 
day ; Boston Encampment, third Wednesday ; De Molaj 
Encampment, fourth Wednesday; Council Royal and 
Select Masters, third Thursday; Grand Lodge, second 
Wednesday in December, March, June, and September 
27th December, annually ; Grand Chapter, Tuesday pre- 
ceding second Wednesday of March, June, September, am 
December; Grand Encampment of Massachusetts a 
Rhode Island, annually ; Grand Lodge of Perfection, four 
Tuesday ; Board of Relief, first Tuesday in each month. 




THE STATE HOUSE.- 



HANCOCK HOUSE.' 
WORKS. 



BOSTON water- 



Long before the stranger reaches Boston, he must have 
seen, from the window of the railwaj'-car, or the vessel's 
deck, an imposing dome, crowning the summit of the 
highest of the three hills on which the city is built. 
On a nearer approach, he will perceive that this dome 
surmounts a splendid and spacious edifice ; and this, he 
will learn, is 

The State House. — To this place it would be well 
to pay an early visit, as from the window of the lofty 
cupola he will be enabled to take such a bird's eye 
or panoramic view of the city, as will enable him, by 
fully comprehending its various localities, and their rela- 
tions to each other, to render his future investigations all 
the easier. In any city such a proceeding would prove 
advantageous, but especially is it so in Boston, where 

(59) 



60 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

strangers, in consequence of the crooked streets, experience 
more difficulty in ascertaining their whereabouts than 
perhaps in any other large place in the Union ; and here 
we now are. 

It were scarcely possible to conceive a more appropriate 
situation for such a building than the one occupied by the 
State House. It is erected about the centre of the city, 
on elevated ground, at the corner of Beacon and Mount 
Vernon streets. The corner-stone was laid on the Fourth 
of July, 1795, by Governor Samuel Adams, who made an 
address on the occasion, in which " he trusted that within 
its walls liberty and the rights of man would be forever 
advocated and supported." In 1798 the building was 
finished, and occupied by the Legislature. 

When the corner-stone of the New State House was to 
be laid, it was conveyed to the spot by fifteen white horses, 
there being, at that time, but fifteen States in the Union. 
Now they are more than doubled. 

The height of the capitol, to the summit of the dome, is 
one hundred and ten feet; the frontage is one hundred 
and seventy-three feet. " It consists externally of a base- 
ment story twenty feet high, and a principal story thirty 
feet high. This, in the centre of the front, is covered with 
an attic sixty feet wide, and twenty feet high, which is 
covered with a pediment. Immediately above arises the 
dome, fifty feet in diameter, and thirty in height; the 



THE STATE HOUSE. 61 

whole terminating with an elegant circular lantern, which 
supports a pine cone. The basement story is finished in a 
plain style on the wings, with square windows. The 
centre is ninety-four feet in length, and formed of arches 
which project fourteen feet, and make a covered walk 
below, and support a colonnade of Corinthian columns of 
the same extent above. 

" The largest room is in the centre, and in the second 
story (the large space below in the basement story is 
directly under this) is the Representatives' Chamber, that 
will accommodate five hundred members, and sometimes 
they have been more numerous. The Senate Chamber is 
also in the second story, at the east end of the building, 
and is sixty feet by fifty. At the west is a large 
room for the meetings of the Grovernor and the Executive 
Council, with a convenient ante-chamber." 

The view from the top of the State House is very 
extensive and variegated ; perhaps nothing in the country 
is superior to it. To the east appears the bay and harbor 
of Boston, interspersed with beautiful islands ; and in the 
distance beyond the wide-extended ocean. To the north 
the eye is met by Charlestown, with its interesting and 
memorable heights, and the Navy Yard of the United 
States ; the towns of Chelsea, Maiden, and Medford, and 
other villages, and the natural forests mingling in the 
distant horizon. To the west is a fine view of the Charles 
6 



62 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

river and a bay, the ancient town of Cambridge, rendered 
venerable for the university, now above two hundred 
years old ; of the flourishing villages of Cambridgeport 
and East Cambridge (in the latter of which is a large' 
glass manufacturing establishment) ; of the highly-culti- 
vated towns of Brighton, Brookline, and Newton ; and to 
the south is Roxbury, which seems to be only a continu- 
ation of Boston, and which is rapidly increasing ; Dor- 
chester, a fine, rich, agricultural town, with Milton and 
Quincy beyond, and still further south the Blue Hills, at 
the distance of eight or nine miles, which seem to bound 
the prospect. The Common, stretching in front of the 
capitol, with its numerous walks and flourishing trees, 
where " the rich and the poor meet together," and the 
humblest have the proud consciousness that they are free, 
and, in some respects (if virtuous), on a level with the 
learned and the opulent, adds greatly to the whole scene. 
Large sums have recently been expended in additions 
to the State House, both within and without. On the 
lawns in front are two beautiful fountains. The design 
of the enlargement was to obtain additional fire-proof room 
for the safety and security of the archives of the state ; 
a library-room sufficiently commodious to satisfy the 
wants of the present and future ; and additional accom- 
modations for the several departments of the government, 
including the agricultural bureau recently established. 



THE STATE HOUSE. 63 

The plan adopted comprised ante or committee rooms for 
the use of the Senate and Council, and committee rooms 
for the general use of the Legislature. The dimensions of 
the library are as follows : Length, eighty-eight feet ; width, 
thirty-seven feet ; height, thirty -six and a half feet. It is 
fitted with galleries and alcoves, which will afford abun- 
dant space for the accumulations of many future years. 
The basement and fire-proof rooms beneath the library are 
of the same dimensions as the latter, with the exception 
of the height ; and they will be sufiicient to accommodate 
the agricultural department, and to afford room and 
security for the public archives. All the designs of 
the plan, so far as providing accommodations is con- 
cerned, are fully carried out in the structure, which is 
completely fire-proof, and built in the most substantial 
and massive style. The wall of the basement story is of 
" rusticated dressed granite," and the others of brick. A 
large amount of iron is used in the structure, which gives 
it an air of grandeur and solidity. 

The best time to ascend the cupola is before eleven 
o'clock, on a bright, clear day. Visitors are required to 
inscribe their names on a register. There is no fee 
demanded. 

One of the first objects that attract the attention of a 
stranger, on entering the State House, is the statue of 
Washington, by Sir F. Chantrey, which is placed in the 



64 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



rotunda. This statue was purchased by private subscrip- 
tion, and was placed where it now stands in 1828. 

Like nearly all the works of the distinguished sculptor, 
in this production Chantrey has somewhat idealized his 
subject. Washington is represented in a military cloak, 
and so far all is correct enough, but the features are 
scarcely those of the Father of his Country. Nevertheless, 
as a work of art it is extremely fine, and reflects honor 
on the public spirit of those who procured it. 




The Hancock House. — Near the capitol, on the west, 
is the mansion-house of the eminent patriot, the late John 
Hancock, now exhibiting quite an ancient appearance; 
and on the east, about the same distance, was, until 
recently, situated the dwelling of the late James Bow- 



HANCOCK HOUSE. 65 

doin, another patriot of the Revolution, a distinguished 
scholar and philosopher, and who, by his firmness, in the 
critical period of 1786, contributed most efficiently to the 
preservation of order and tranquillity in the common- 
wealth. 

The E[ancock House is one of the celebrities of Boston, 
and no stranger, who feels the patriotic impulse, fails to 
pay it a visit. 

It stands in Beacon-street, very near the State House, 
and fronts the south, presenting a quaint and picturesque 
appearance, embosomed, as it is, with shrubs, evergreens, 
trees, and flowers. It is built of hewn stone, and raised 
about thirteen feet above the street, the ascent beino; 
through a garden. There it stands, beside its modern 
neighbors, like a venerable grandsire surrounded by his 
children's children, commanding respectful attention, and 
even admiration. The front is fifty-six feet in breadth, 
and it terminates in two lofty stories. Formerly there 
was a delightful garden behind the house, ascending grad- 
ually to the high lands in the rear. 

In the governor's time we are told that in front of the 
edifice " an hundred cows daily fed " on the Common. 

A brave place for hospitality has that house been in old 

times, when " the east wing formed a spacious hall, and 

the west wing was appropriated to domestic purposes; 

the whole embracing, with the stables, coach-houseS; and 

6* 



66 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

) 

other offices, an extent of two hundred and twenty feet." i 
There was also a glacis, in the days when Thomas Han- 
cock, the governor's father, resided there ; but garden, 
glacis, stables, and coach-houses, have made way for streets 
and houses. The interior of the ho^se is better preserved ; 
and beneath its ancient roof reside descendants of the 
governor. It is a pity that it should ever be razed to the 
ground ; but it is to be feared that, by and by, the place 
which now knows it will know it no more. 

The Boston Water-Works. — A short walk on Beacon 
Hill brings us to an enormous structure of massive granite 
masonry, which will, if the stranger knows not its uses, 
strike him with astonishment. It is not a jail, though it 
somewhat resembles one; nor is it a warehouse, nor a 
church. It is the great Beacon Hill Reservoir, into which 
flows, from Cochituate Lake, formerly called Long Pond, 
the water which supplies the city with the pure element. 
The dimensions of this huge cistern are, on Derne-street, one 
hundred and ninety-nine feet and three inches ; on Temple- 
street, one hundred and eighty-two feet and eleven inches ; 
on Hancock-street, one hundred and ninety-one feet seven 
inches ; and on the rear of Mount Vernon-street, two 
hundred and six feet and five inches. From the founda- 
tion to the summit, exclusive of railing, it is on Derne- 
street sixty-six feet, and on the rear of Mount Vernon- 
street forty-three feet high. 



THE BOSTON WATER-WORKS. 67 

This building is an immense basin, or reservoir. It 
■ests on arches of immense strength, fourteen and three 
burths feet span. The basin holds 2,678,961 wine gal- 
ons of water. 

Two granite tablets are placed on the north side of the 
Reservoir, with the following inscriptions : 

BOSTON WATER- WORKS. 

BEGUN AUGUST, 1846. WATER INTRODUCED OCTOBER, 1848. 

JOSIAH QUINCY, JR., Mayor. 

(NATHAN HALE, 
COMMISSIONERS, ^ JAMES F. BALDWIN, 
^THOMAS B. CURTIS. 



BOSTON WATER-WORKS. 

THE RESERVOIR COMPLETED NOVEMBER, 1849. 

JOHN P. BIGELOAY, Mayor. 

(W. S. WHITWELL, East Div. 
ENGINEERS, ^ E. S. CHESBROUGH, West Div. 
^JOHN. B. JERVIS, Consulting. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

BOSTON COMMON. — OLD ELM. FROG POND. i' 




Were we to be asked, Wliat is the great feature o1 
Boston city, we should assuredly reply, Boston Commoi 

The parks of the British metropolis have not unaptl; 
been termed the lungs of London. With equal appropi 
ateness the Common of Boston may be styled the gi 

(68) 



BOSTON C0M3I0N. 69 

)reatlimg apparatus of Boston. In summer or in winter 
hose forty-eight acres of undulating ground, green with 
Q'ass or white with snow, constitute a favorite place of 
•esort. And when the noble trees that abound there are 
hick with foliage, no more delightful promenade than 
hose broad avenues beneath their interlacing boughs 
iould well be imagined. 

A glance at the early history of the Common may not 
36 uninteresting. 

"In 1634, commissioners were chosen to dispose of un- 
Dccupied lands. They were directed to leave out portions 
for new comers and the further benefits of the town. The 
Common was among the reserved portions, and became 
public property, as a training field and pasture. In 1833 
a city ordinance appeared, forbidding its use as a pasturage, 
and it has long since ceased to be a training field." 
' The citizens of Boston have always been proud of their 
beautiful Common. Several times have attempts been 
made to encroach upon it, but public opinion in each case 
defeated the object, and it is not now probable that a single 
foot of it will be misappropriated. 

The American elm is celebrated abroad for its beauty, 
and our Common has extremely beautiful groves of these 
graceful trees, whose hanging boughs form arches on high, 
which, either in summer, autumn, or winter, attract gen- 
eral admiration for their fau'v-Uke tracery — Nature's own 



70 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

drapery, woven by her most fantastic hands. Time 
storm have dealt hardly with some of them, and the 
have been felled and supplanted by others, where repai 
was impossible. The extreme hardness of the malls ha 
operated injuriously upon the roots of many of them, an 
canker worms have occasionally made too free among th 
branches ; but great and judicious care and expense hav 
done much to remedy these evils ; and the full foliage < 
the Common, now shading the numerous paths with t 
magnificent garniture of their verdure, affords ampl 
reward for years of intelligent husbandry. 

The richness of the soil on our Common has been on( 
reason why the multitude of trees which decorate it havi 
been so long preserved in vigor and beauty. In the sum 
mer season the Common presents its most lovely aspect 
all the malls are crowned with rich green canopies, am 
the carpet spread by Nature at man's feet is of the amplesj 
and freshest verdure. The birds and squirrels frolic un-f 
harmed amid the broad, ancient boughs, and the mallsi 
which intersect the undulating surface of the lawn, ad^ 
vastly to its ornate appearance. The cathedral-like arche^ 
which overtop the elm-lined malls are ever charming 
the artistic eye ; and indeed it is a question with som 
whether they do not look as beautiful in their tcinter] 
robes, when the network of spray-like twigs is frosted oveij 
with the fleece of snow, or a crystalline coating of icfl 



THE GREAT ELM. 71 

'listens with prismatic splendors in the sunlight. Truly, 
he care which has been bestowed upon the Common has 
3een amply repaid. 

•Two of the walks in Boston were formerly designated 
by the names Great Mall and Little Mall. The 
Great Mall borders the eastern edge of the Common, and 
the Little Mall the eastern edge of the Granary or Park 
Street burying ground. The last named was planted with 
EngHsh elms by Colonel Adino Paddock, in 1770. They 
are therefore more than eighty years old. The trees in 
the Great Mall were planted, as appears from the plans, 
between 1722 and 1729. Those that remain are therefore 
about one hundred and thirty years old. The trees on 
the Little Mall were a mixture of elms and button woods. 
Mr. Paddock Avas a loyalist, left Boston in 1776, and set- 
tled in Nova Scotia, where his descendants still live. 

The Great Elm is one of the Hons — perhaps the 
lion — of Boston Common. Still hale and strong, it 
stands about the centre of the green, and is supposed, 
from various data, to be upwards of two hundred years 
old. 

In 1825 it was sixty-five feet high, the circumference at 
thirty inches from the ground being twenty-one feet eight 
inches, and the spread of branches eighty-six feet. In 
1855 it was measured, and found to be seventy-two and a 
half feet in height ; height of first branch from the ground, 



2 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



twenty-two and a half feet ; girth four feet from the ground, 
seventeen feet; average diameter of greatest spread ofrj 
branches, one hundred and one leet. This shows that the 
elm has grown considerably within the last quarter of a 
century. 

But this colossal plant has more interesting features i 
than its age or size, though they are great. 




SUMJTEr. ELM. 



There was once a powder magazine near this tree, on 
the little hill at whose foot it stands. This hill, also, dur- 
ing the siege of Boston, was the site of a British fortifica- 
tion, bombarded by Washington. 



THE GllKAT ELM. 



73 



In the war of 1812 its existence was endangered by the 
encampment around it of American troops, destined to 
protect the town. It has often been exposed to injury by 
the custom of hanging and burning effigies upon its giant 
branches ; and many turbulent occasions, on Election and 
Independence days, have exposed the tree to violence. 




WINTER ELM. 

Severe tempests have at times threatened to annihilate 
this tree; and in 1831 or 1832 a violent storm separated 
four of its large limbs, and so far detached them that they 
rested partially upon the ground. They were raised and 
bolted together ; the bolts are still visible, and the branches, 
7 



74 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

at the end of twentj-five years, appear to be perfectly 
united. 

For many years the interior of the trunk was rotten, 
and much of it had disappeared, from neglect ; but finally 
the spirit of improvement, which came upon the Common, 
extended to the great tree, and the edges of the aperture 
were protected, and the exterior covered by canvas. The 
parts have thus been regenerated, and the opening filled 
and obhterated. 

Notwithstanding the years that have rolled over the 
veteran colossus, it still presents an aspect of grandeur 
which will ever be the admiration of the beholder. Dr. 
Warren remarks, in liis book upon the Great Tree, — 

This tree, therefore, we must venerate as a visible 
relic of the Indian Shawmut, for all its other native trees 
and groves have been long since prostrated. The frail 
and transient memorials of the aborigines have vanished ; 
even the hills of Trimountain cannot be distinguished; 
and this native noble elm remains to present a substantial 
association of the existing with the former ages of Boston." 

A handsome iron fence now surrounds it, through which 
entrance is had by a gate. Flowers adorn the little circle 
enclosed at its foot, seeming to pay the homage of beauty 
to majesty ; and squirrels gambol among its branches, in 
which a shelter and food are provided for them. The fol- 
lowing inscription is on the fence : — 



THE GKEAT KL.M. 75 

THE OLD ELM. 

This tree has been standing 
here for an ^lnkno^^•n period. 
It is believed to have existed be- 
fore the settlement of Boston, be- 
ing full grown in 1722. Exhibited 
marks of old age in 1792, and was 
nearly destroyed by a storm in 
1832. Protected by an iron 
fence in 1854. J. V. C. 
Smith, Mayor. 

The following lines, dedicated to the old Elm Tree on 
Boston Common, by Geo. E. Rice, originally appeared in 
the Saturday Evening Gazette. 

TO THE CHEAT ELM TREE ON BOSTON COMMON. 

"When first from mother Earth you sprung, 
Ere Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare sung, 
Or Puritans had come among 
The savages to loose each tongue 

In psalms and prayers, 
These forty acres, more or less. 
Now gayly clothed in Nature's dress, 
"Wliere Yankees walk, and brag, and guess. 
Was but a " howling wilderness " 

Of wolves and bears. 

Say, did you start with the presenti- 
Ment that you'd e'er be the centre 
Of all that's known 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 

About the sciences and arts ? i 

For we are men of mighty parts, 
And strangers say that Boston hearts 
"With pride are blown ; 

And fondly deem their little state 
To be "j9ar excellence " the great. 

And look with pity 
And sore contempt on those who say 
That Europe boasts a iovra. to-day 
That's not surpassed in every way ^ 

By Boston City. 

What wondrous changes you have seen 

Since you put forth your primal green 

And tender shoot ; 

Three hundred years your life has spanned, | 

Yet calm, serene, erect you stand, I 

Of great renown throughout the land, j 

Braced up vAxh. many an iron band, j 

And showng marks of Time's hard hand | 

I 
From crown to root. 

You, when a slender sapling, saw 
The persecuted reach this shore. 

And in their turn 
Treat others as themselves were treated. 
To mete the measure that's been meted, 
And cheat if he has e'er been cheated. 

How does man yearn ! 

Of tales perchance devoid of truth. 
With which they would, in early youth, 
My heart appall, 



THE GKEAT ELM. 

"Was one the gossips used to tell 
About a witch so grim and fell, 
That here was hung for raising — well, 
It wasn't Saul. 

Since you beheld the light of day, 
A race of men has passed away — 

A warlike nation, 
Who, oft with fire water plied, 
Lost all their bravery and pride. 
And yielded to the rapid stride 

Of annexation. 

Behold, a mightier race appears. 
And high a vast republic rears 

Her giant features, 
And westward steadily we drive 
The few poor Indians who survive, 
And barely keep the race alive — 
Degenerate creatures. 

For are we not the mighty lords 
And masters of all savage hordes, 

In our opinion ? 
And when we with inferiors deal, 
'Tis well to use the iron heel, 
And make them wince, and writhe, and feel 

Their lords' dominion. 

You heard the first rebellious hum 
Of voices, and the fife and drum 
Of revolution, 

7* 



78 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

And heard the bells and welkin ring, 
When they threw off great George, their king, 
And much improved by that same thing 
Their constitution. 

And you still thrive and live to see 
The country prosperous and free. 

In spite of all 
The very sage prognostications 
Of prophets in exalted stations, 
"Who could foresee the fate of nations, 

And said she'd fall. 

You've seen both the tremendous spread 
Of commerce, and of those it made 

Rich and ambitious, 
"WTio flaunt with parvenu's true pride. 
And in their showy coaches ride, 
With arms emblazoned on the side, 
Which any herald who descried 

Would deem flagitious. 

Majestic tree ! You've seen much worth 
From little Boston issue forth, 

And know some men 
Who love their kind, and give their store 
To help the suffering and the poor, 
Nor drive the beggar from their door. 
Heaven bless such hearts, and give them more, 

I pray again. 

And you shall see much more beside. 
Ere to your root, old Boston's pride, 
The axe is laid. 



THE mOG FOND. 



79 



And long, I trust, the time \nll be, 
Ere mayor and council sit on thee. 
And find with unanimity 
That you're decayed ; 

For you are still quite hale and stanch, 
Though here and there perhaps a branch 

Is slightly rotten ; 
And you will stand and hold your sway 
When he who pens this rhyme to-day 
Shall mingle ^^ith the common clay, 

And be forgotten. 




The Frog Pond, now called " Cochituate Lake by 
super-genteel people, or, as it has been called, " Quincy 



80 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

Lake," is situated near the Old Elm Tree, whose ix)ots it 
has moistened for so many years. The original form has 
long been changed, and the natural pond in which the boys 
fished for minnow^s and horn-pout is now supplied from 
Cochituate Lake ; and in one portion a fountain sends up 
its sparkling waters to the height of over ninety feet. A 
variety of jets are connected with it at pleasure ; and 
nothing can be more charming than the effect produced 
on a summer's evening, when bands discourse sweet 
music, and the strains blend with the sound of falHng 
waters : the effect is inexpressibly beautiful. Then is the 
time to see Boston Common and its tiny silver lake. 



CHAPTER IX. 

PUBLIC GARDEN. PROVIDENCE DEPOT. PUBLIC 

LIBRARY. 

The Public Garden is situated at the foot of the 
Common, and contains about twenty acres. Like its 
neighbor, all walks and beauties are open to the inspec- 
tion and enjoyment of visitors. Menageries and circuses 
often pitch their tents here, and hold forth to the great 
delight of the curious. Close by, on Pleasant Street, is 

The Providence Railroad Depot, a fine brick 
structure, and rather striking in its architecture. The 
interior arrangements ai'e good, and unusually convenient. 
This road is forty-three miles in length, and, joined with 
the " Stonington Line," which is properly a continuation 
of it, connects Boston with Long Island Sound. The 
branch roads uniting with this are the Dedham, Stough- 
ton, Taunton, and Attleboro' ix)ads. 

Cars leave the depot in Boston for Providence daily, 
stopping at Roxbury, which is two miles from the city, 
Jamaica Plain, three and a half miles. 

Canton, fourteen miles from Boston, is a beautifuUy- 

(81) 



82 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



diversified and picturesque town, watered by the Neponset 
River, which, with the numerous ponds in its vicinity, 
gives it an extensive water power. The railroad bridge 
which crosses the river at Canton is one of the finest 
pieces of masonry in the country. It is of hewn granite, [ 
is six hundred and twelve feet long, and elevated sixty- 




three feet above the foundation, resting on six arches, with 
a succession of arches on top. Its cost exceeded ninety 
thousand dollars. 

Sharon, seventeen and a half miles from Boston, occu- 
pies the highest land between Boston and Providence. 



PUBLIC LIBRARY. 



83 



Its natural scenery is exceedingly fine. Mashapoag Pond, 
a beautiful sheet of water over a mile in length, rests upon 
a bed of iron ore. During the low stages of the water, 
the ore is extracted by machines made for the purpose. 
Fishing and pleasure parties frequent this pond in the 
summer season. 

Mansfield is twenty-four miles, Attleboro' thirty-one 
miles, Pawtucket thirty-nine miles, and Providence forty- 
three and a half miles from Boston. 




The Public Library building of the city of Boston 
is situated on Boylston Street, oj)posite the Common, 



84 BOSTON SIGHTS 

(although the library itself temporarily reposes in Mason 
Street, until the new building is quite ready for its recep- 
tion.) The building was designed by Mr. Charles Kirby, 
and is eighty-two feet in front, one hundred and twenty- 
eight feet deep, and two stories in height, besides the base- 
ment. The lower or basement story is situated below the 
level of the sidewalk. 

The first story of the building contains the large hall 
of entrance, which opens directly into the room for distri- 
bution, which occupies the central part of the story. It 
is intended to serve also as a conversation room. This 
room is connected with a large hall in the rear of the 
building, having a gallery and twenty alcoves, calculated 
to contain about forty thousand of the books most fre- 
quently demanded for use. On the front of the building, 
and entered only from the room of delivery, are two read- 
ing rooms, one on the east for ladies, and one on the west, 
amply supplied with the periodicals of the day, for gen- 
eral use. 

The second or principal story is one hall, approached 
by visitors only by the staircase in the entrance hall. 
This hall, which by calculation will contain more than two 
hundred thousand volumes, has ten alcoves on each of its 
sides, and the same number in each of its galleries, mak- 
ing sixty alcoves in all. Each alcove contains ten ranges 
of shelves, and each range ten shelves. The object of 



PUBLIC LIBRARY. 85 

this decimal arrangement of shelves is to simplify all the 
details connected with the library. 

Beneath the principal storj, and immediately over the 
delivery room, is a half story, designed for workrooms 
and storerooms. At the corners on the rear of the build- 
ing are towers for stairs and other conveniences. 

The building is constructed of brick, and the ornamen- 
tal portions are of sandstone. The whole building is 
strictly fire-proof; even the floors are constructed of brick 
and iron, and no wood enters into their construction. The 
comer stone was laid with great ceremony on the 17th of 
September, 1855. The library contains thirty-three thou- 
sand volumes, and is free to all of good reputation residing 

in the city. 

8 



CHAPTER X. 



WORCESTER DEPOT AND ROAD. OLD COLONY AND 

FALL RIVER DEPOT AND ROAD. 

Leaving the Public Library, a stroll through Boylstor, 
Street, (passing the spot where the Liberty Tree once, 
gi-ew,) down Beach Street, brings us to The Boston ani 
Worcester Railroad Depot. It is a very plaii 




(86) 



I 



WORCESTER DEPOT AND ROAD. 87 

brick building, but covering a large area of ground, facing 
on Kneeland Street, with entrances and exits on Kneeland, 
Albany, and Lincoln Streets. The accommodations are 
spacious, and the arrangements so well made that the 
stranger, on his arrival, is not in danger of being pulled 
in pieces by officious hackmen, for here each has his place 
and must^ keep it. The vicinity of this depot presents a 
busy scene on the arrival and departure of the New York 
and Albany trains, and it is well worth the walk to wit- 
ness it. The branch roads uniting with this road are, the 
Brookline, Newton Lower Falls, and Saxonville ; the Mil- 
ford branch, from South Framingham depot to Milford ; 
the Millbury branch, from Grafton to Millbury ; and the 
Agricultural, from South Framingham to Marlboro'. 

Brighton, the first stopping place on this route, five 

miles from Boston, is a pleasant town on the south side 

of Charles River. It is noted for its cattle market, the 

largest in New England. Monday is the market day, 

when buyers and sellers congregate in large numbers to 

' traffic in live stock. This town has become the residence 

of many persons of wealth and taste, who occupy beauti- 

tful country seats, with splendid gardens attached. Win- 

I ship's Garden is famed for its nursery of fine fruit trees 

and shrubbery, and for its gi*and display of fruits and 

flowers of every variety. It is free to visitors. 

Newton is both an agricultural and a manufacturing 



in 



88 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

town. Its borders are washed by Charles River for se\ 
eral miles. There are two sets of falls on that river i 
this town, two miles apart, called the Upper and Lower 
Falls, on which are extensive paper mills, and other man- 
ufacturing estabHshments. There is a Theological Semi- 
nary here, established in 1825. | 

Needham is now quite a manufacturing town, having | 
several paper mills, a chocolate mill, a coach and cai- 
manufactory, and manufactories of shoes, hats, &c. It, 
has also quarries of stone, which are becoming yearly 
more valuable. [ 

Natick, seventeen miles distant from the city, (called bv 
the Indians " the place of hills,") is watered in part bj 
Charles River ; it contains several delightful ponds, well 
stored with fish. The southern part of Long Pond is ii 
this town, and is seen from the cars while passing. Th* 
first Indian church in New England was established here; 
in 1660, under the direction of the apostle Eliot. 

Framingham, twenty-one miles from Boston, has 
Sudbury River passing through its centre. Its fishing, 
fowling, and other sports make it an agreeable place of 
resort. 

Hopkinton is twenty-four miles from Boston, and Graf- 
ton thirty-eight miles. The Western, Nashua, Norwich 
and several other routes pass over this road, and throu 
Worcester, to gain Boston. 



thd 



OLD COLONY DEPOT AND ROAD. 



89 



Not far from this depot stands The Old Colony 
A.ND Fall River Depot, at the corner of Kneeland and 
South Streets. It is a plain, substantial building of brick, 




and very convenient. This road was opened for travel 
on the 19th of November, 1845, and extends from Boston 
to Fall River, and from Braintree to Plymouth. The 
branch roads connecting with it are the South Shore, Cape 
Cod, Milton, Middleboro', and Taunton roads. 

South Boston, the first stopping place, was formerly a 
part of Dorchester, and is connected with Boston by two 
I bridges, and also by the Old Colony and Fall River Rail- 



90 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

road. Dorchester, four miles from Boston, lies on Dor- 
chester Bay, in Boston harbor. It is mider a high statel 
of cultivation — fruits, vegetables, and flowers being raised 
here in great abundance ; and this town, in consequence of 
the facilities for reaching Boston, has become a favorite^ 
place of residence for many of its citizens. 

Neponset Village, five miles from Boston, situated in 
the town of Dorchester, is on the Neponset River, near 
its mouth. It has considerable trade, and the population 
is rapidly increasing. 

Quincy, eight miles from Boston, is situated on Quincy. 
Bay, in Boston harbor. The village, which is built on an 
elevated plain, is remarkable for its neatness and beauty. 
The ancestral estate of the Quincy family, one of the 
most beautiful residences in New England, is in this town^ 
In a church in the village, erected in 1828 at a cost of 
forty thousand dollars, is a beautiful monument to the 
memory of John Adams and his wife. This town supi 
plies the " Quincy granite," noted for its durability anq 
beauty. Immense quantities are annually quarried and 
sent to various parts of the United States. 

The first railway constructed in this country was in 
Quincy, it being a short line of four miles, completed in 
1827. It was built for the purpose of conveying granitci 
quarried in the Granite Hills to vessels lying in the Nci 
ponset River, and still remains in use. Of course horse 
power only was used. I 






OLD COLONY DEPOT AND ROAD. 91 

North Braintree is ten and a half miles from Boston, 
Braintree eleven and a half, South Weymouth fifteen, 
North Abington eighteen, Abington nineteen and a quar- 
ter. South Abington twenty-one. North Hanson twenty- 
thi-ee and a quarter, Hanson twenty-four and three quai*- 
ters, Plynipton thu'ty, Kingston thirty-three. 

Plymouth, the terminus of the Old Colony road, is 
thirty-seven miles from Boston, and is celebrated as being 
the landing place of the "Pilgrims," who disembarked 
here on the 22d of December, 1620. It is the oldest 
town in New England. Pilgrim Hall, the building most 
worthy of notice, contains a valuable painting represent- 
ing the landing of the Pilgrims from the " Mayflower." It 
is tliirteen by sixteen feet, and is valued at three thousand 
dollars. The cabinet of the Pilgrim Society contains 
many valuable antiquities. From Burying Hill, in the 
rear of the town, which is elevated one hundred and sixty 
feet above the level of the sea, is a fine view of the vil- 
lage, the harbor, and sliipping beyond, with the coast for 
some miles in extent. " Plymouth Rock," a deeply inter- 
esting spot to New Englanders, is near the termination of 
Leyden Street. The tovra contains about two hundred 
ponds; the largest, called Billington Sea, is about six 
miles in circumference. It is two miles south-west of 
the village, and contains a good supply of pickerel and 
perch. 



92 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



The National Monument to the Forefathers,! 
description of which we take from the Boston Ahnanac oi^ 
18063 is to be erected here. The design comprises aji 
octagonal pedestal, eighty-three feet high, upon whie' 
stands a figure of Faith, rising to the height of seven i 
feet above the platform of the pedestal, so that the wholi 




monument will rise one hundred and fifty-three feet abovf 
"the earth upon which it rests. Faith is represented a 
standing upon a rock, holding in her left hand an ope 
Bible, while the other hand is uplifted towai'ds heaver 



OLD COLONY DEPOT AND ROAD. 98 

From the four smaller faces of the main pedestal project 
vings or buttresses, upon which are seated figures em- 
)lematic of the principles upon which the Pilgrim Fathers 
proposed to found their commonwealth. These are Moral- 
ly, Law, Education, and Freedom. The sides of the 
■eats upon which they sit are decorated \dth niches, in 
rt'hich are statues appropriate to the figures above. 

Upon the larger faces of the main pedestal are panels, 
tvhich are intended to contain records of the names of the 
Pilgrims of the Mayflower, the events of the voyage, the 
prominent events in the early history of the colony, and 
the events which occurred previous to their departure from 
Delft Haven. Upon smaller panels, placed below these, 
are to be inscribed events connected with the Pilgrim So- 
ciety and the erection of the monument, with an appro- 
priate dedication. Upon the faces of the wing pedestals 
are panels designed to contain alto-reliefs of the departure 
from Delft Haven, the signing of the social compact in the 
cabin of the Mayflower, the landing at Plymouth, and the 
first treaty with the Indians. 

In the main pedestal is a chamber twenty-four feet in 
diameter, and from the floor of this a stone staircase leads 
to the platform upon which stands the principal figure. 

The pedestal is eighty feet in diameter at the base, and 
the sitting figures upon the wings are forty feet high in 
their position. The figures in the panels are eighteen feet 



94 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

in height. In magnitude the monument will far exceed 
any monumental structure of modern times, and will] 
equal those stupendous works of the Egyptians which fori 
forty centuries have awed the world by their grandeur.; 
The figure of Faith will be larger than any known statud 
excepting that of the great Ramses, now overthrown, andj 
the Colossus of Rhodes ; and the sitting figures are nearly! 
equal in size to the two statues of Ramses m the plain of! 
Luxor. The architect of the monument is Mr. Hammatlj 
Billings, and it is to be erected at Plymouth under thef 
auspices of the Pilgrim Association. 



I 



CHAPTER XI. 

BOSTON THEATRE. MELODEON. BOSTON SOCIETY OF 

NATURAL HISTORY. 

Returning to Washington Street, a short walk brings 
IS to the Boston Theatre, one of the finest places of 
imusement in the world, and by far the most beautiful in 
A.merica. It is situated on Washington and Mason Streets. 
rhe entrance front on the former is a simple thi'ee story 
3uilding, twenty-four feet in width, covered with mastic, 
ind with no attempt at architectural display. On enter- 
ng, the visitor ascends the inclined plane of a spacious 
md elegant outer vestibule, the walls of which, hand- 
iomely ornamented, support a finely-arched ceiling. Here 
ve procure tickets, and enter the inner vestibule ; before 
IS is a circular staircase, nine feet in width ; ascending, 
ve find it conducts to the first and second circles. Enter- 
ng the auditorium, we find it to be about ninety feet in 
liameter, and circular in form, except that it slightly flat- 
ens in the direction of the stage; the depth from the 
:urtain to the back of the parquet being eighty-four feet. 
The front of the stage projects into the auditorium eighteen 

(9o) 



96 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



feet and the height of the auditorium is about fifty-four 
feet. There are proscenium boxes on either side of the 
sta^^e, handsomely draped. A space of ten or twelve feet 




*from the parquet wall, and nearly parallel with the front 
of the first tier, is separated and somewhat raised from the 
middle portion of the house, the whole parquet floor, 



BOSTON THEATRE. 97 

however, being constructed in a dishing form, and varying 
several feet. Around the auditorium above are the first 
and second tiers, the gallery, and hanging in front, a little 
below the first tier or dress circle, is a light balcony con- 
taining two rows of seats. 

In the parquet and balcony there are iron-framed 
chairs, cusliioned on the back, seat, and arms, and so con- 
trived that the seat rises when not in use ; and the first 
and second tiers are furnished with oaken-framed sofas, 
covered with crimson plush, and the amphitheatre with 
iron-framed and cushioned settees. The walls of the 
auditorium are of a rose tint; the fronts of the balcony 
and the second circle are elaborately and tastefully or- 
namented, and the frescoed ceiling embraces in its de- 
sign allegorical representations of the twelve months. 
Adding to the effect of the painting, the ceiling is deco- 
rated with composition ornaments, many of them richly 
gilded. In front, over the stage, is a splendid clock, with 
a movable dial. 

Returning to the vestibule, we turn to the right, under 
die arches, and reach the parquet lohhy. Passing through 
this apartment, we reach the saloon and dressing rooms of 
;his story. The parquet corridor is gained by turning 
the left, through the arches, until we arrive at the foot 
)f tlie grand oahen staircase, which is built of solid oak, 
md separates on a broad landing into two branches, jiine 
9 



ys 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



feet m width, which terminate in the dress circle lohhy. 
Opposite the staircase are open arches communicating 
with the grand 'promenade saloon, which is forty-six feet 
long, twenty-six feet wide, and twenty-six feet high, and 




ta {t-fiiiiv fini^liod with orriamrnted vralk and ceiling, an(l 
is elegantly furnished. The corridors to the several stories 
extend entirely round the auditorium. 

The stage side of the theatre is on Mason Street, anc 
the doors and arches, breaking tho sameness of the bricl 
wall, comprise a passage leading to the carpenter's shof 



BOSTON THEATRE. 



99 



and steam works, a set of double doors for tlie introduc- 
tion of horses, carriages, &c., should such ever be required 
for the purposes of the stage, a private door for the use 
of the actors, and an audience entrance at the corner of 
the buildino; nearest West Street. 




The stage is sixty-seven feet deep from the curtain, 
md, calculated from the extreme front, or foot lights, 
neasures eighty-five feet. The curtain opening is about 
orty-eight feet in width by forty-one in height. There is 

depth of some thirty feet below the stage, and the height 
rom the stage to the fly floor is sixty-six feet. These dis- 



lUU BOSTON SIGHTS. 

tances allow the raising and lowering of scones without i 
hinges or joints, the use of which soon injures their ap- 
pearance. There are seven rows of side scenes, or wing>, 
xnth considerable space beyond the most remote, for i)ei'-i 
spective. The stage is provided with tra])s, bridges, andj 
all imaginable contrivances for effect, and is believed toj 
unite more improvements, and to be the best arranged of 
any structure of the kind in this country. The green- 
I'oom, on the level of the stage, is a decidedly comfortable 
looking apartment, thirty-four by eighteen feet, neatly fin- 
ished and tinted, handsomely carpeted, and furnished 
around the sides with cushioned seats, covered with dark- 
greca enamelled cloth. Adjoining it is a small "star" 
dressing room, appropriately fitted, and near by is an 
apartment for the manager, also a small property roomJ 
Above these are the actors' dressing rooms, furnished withf 
water, heating apparatus, and all necessary conveniences ;j 
and still higher is the stage wai'drobe room. f 

On the other side of the stage there are additional 
dressing rooms ; above these a spacious property store-! 
i-oom. Below the extreme front of the stage is locate 
the usual apartment for the use of the orchestra, with side 
rooms for the storage of music, instruments, &c. Farth 
back is a large dressing room for the supernumeraric 
and two or tliree stories of cellars arranged for the recep' 
lion of scenes from above, and for a variety of other pur- 



^ 



SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 101 

poses. The walls separating the stage from the audito- 
rium are of brick, and considered fire-proof, while the cur- 
tain opening is provided with a safety screen of iron net- 
work, balanced by weights, and managed with machinery 
so arranged as to be operated from either side of the cur- 
tain wall. Should any portion of the stage or its sur- 
roundings exer take fire during a performance, this curtain 
can be immediately loAvered, and afford complete protec- 
tion to an audience. 

Close to the entrance on Washington Street is the Melo- 
DEON, a small, comfortable hall, used for religious, pano- 
ramic, and other exhibitions. 

The rooms of the Boston Society of Natural 
History are in the brick building adjoining the Boston 
Theatre, in Mason Street. They are nine in number. 
One of them is occupied by the librarian, and each of 
the others by objects of interest in the different depart- 
ments of natural history. All who desire have free 
access to the cabinet every Wednesday ; and strangers in 
the city, who cannot conveniently visit it on that day, can 
obtain admission at any time by ap^^lication to an officer 
of the society. The main room, which is entered from 
lie first floor, contains skeletons of different animals from 
I ill parts of the world, from that of the huge mastodon to 
he slender bones of tlic sprightly squirrel. In an ante- 
"oom are cases filled with rare specimens of geology and 
9* 



102 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

mineralogy. Around the main room is a light iron bal- 
cony, giving access to the glass cases, which are likewise 
filled Vt'ith things strange and wonderful from all parts of 
the known world. Here are skulls and mummies, fishes 
and serpents, fossil remains and foot marks of those huge 
animals that walked, or birds that fie w, before Adam arose 
from kindred earth. Ascending to the next story, we 
enter a room nearly filled with every variety of birds, 
from the albatross to the minute humming bird, wliile in 
the centre are long cases filled with eggs of the different 
species, and many kinds of nests. One of the anterooms 
is filled with shells, seemingly in endless variety, while 
specimens of moss, sponges, corals, and aquatic plants 
enliven the collection with their singular beauty. Another 
anteroom is filled with fishes. In yet another room the 
various members of the serpent family are preserved. 
Here we may see the enormous boa, the fairy green snake, 
the agile black snake, the famed hooded snake of India, 
and the poisonous copper head of our own country. Here, 
also, is the fascinating rattlesnake, and such numbers of 
the creeping race that a crawling feeling comes over us, 
and we quit the room with a feeling of relief. 

Many strangers leave the city without seeing the splen- 
did cabinet of this society, and many residents are not 
even aware of its existence. But whether resident or 
stranger, the visitor will be well repaid for the expendi- 
ture of time. 



SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 103 

The library belonging to the Massachusetts Society of 
Natural History contains several thousand volumes and 
a number of valuable manuscripts. The society hold 
monthly meetings, and several of their proceedings have 
been published. The institution now owns the building 
which was formerly occupied by the Massachusetts Medi- 
cal College; but the building has been remodelled, to 
adapt it to its present purposes. The whole estate cost 
about thirty thousand dollars, which was obtained by sub- 
scription from the liberal citizens of Boston. 



CHAPTER XII. 

JIERCAN'flLE LIBRARY. LOWELL INSTITUTE. ORD- 

WAY HALL. BRATTLE STREET CHURCH. 

The Mercantile Library Association occupies the 
second floor in Mercantile Building, at the corner of Haw- 
ley and Summer Streets, the main entrance being from 
the latter. 

The Newspaper Room, which occupies the front of the 
building, facing on Summer Street, is about fifty feet 
square, and is furnished with twenty-two stands for papers, 
made in the most approved form, and handsomely finished. 
These stands are supplied with one hundred and sixty 
newspapers, comprising nearly all of the better class of 
daily papers thi'oughout the country, and a well-selected 
list of foreign weeklies and dailies, offering the largest 
and best selection of any reading room in New England. 

Besides the facilities for gathering news, there are other 
I attractions to interest visitors. Facing you, as you enter, 
' ^angs a fine copy of Stuart's Washington, a gift from the 
Hon. Edward Everett; and around the walls are sus- 
pended portraits of Webster, Hamilton, Vespucius, Colum- 

(105) 



106 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

bus, and some of our much-honored citizens of Boston, 
viz. : Thomas H. Perkins, Peter C. Brooks, David 
Sears, William Gray, Thomas C. Amory, and Robert 
G. Shaw. 

Prominent among the attractions and ornaments of the 
room stands the marble statue of the " Wounded Indian," 
by Peter Stephenson. This truly American work, aside 
from its excellence as a work of art, is celebrated as being j 
the first statue executed in the marble of this country, and | 
also as being the only piece of sculpture on exhibition at 
the World's Fair at London that was designed and com- 
pleted in the United States. 

Passing from the Reading Room, you enter the periodi- 
cal room. This room is about one third as large as tliej 
other, and is furnished with ten reading tables and a con-j 
venient table in the centre, on which are displayed thej 
periodicals. There are also cases on one side of tl 
room, filled with encyclopaedias, lexicons, and other works 
of reference. 

Adjoining the Newspaper Room is a small cabinet con- 
taining -the curiosities belonging to the association, as wel 
as those belonging to the Marine Society. 

The library room is seventy-five feet four inches long 
by twenty feet six inches wide. The books are arrangec 
on the walls and in twenty-two alcoves extending from ihi 
walls on both sides, leaving a clear passage through th 



:i 



MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 107 

centre of six feet in width. The present shelving of the 
Hbrary will contain twenty-five thousand volumes. Its 
capacity may be doubled by means of a light gallery, 
accessible by an iron circular stairway. The number of 
volumes in the library at present is eighteen thousand, 
and is increJising at the rate of two thousand annually. 

By the terms of the constitution, any person engaged 
in mercantile pursuits, who is more than fourteen years of 
age, may become a member of the association by the pay- 
ment of two dollars annually. Persons not engaged in 
mercantile pursuits may become subscribers, and be enti- 
tled to all the privileges of members, except that of voting, 
by the payment of two dollars ; and ladies may become 
subscribers on the same terms. 

Mercantile Hall will accommodate about seven hundred 
persons, is centrally located, easy of access, and lighted 
from the ceiling. It is well ventilated, and furnished with 
two anterooms on each side of the rostrum. It is a pleas- 
ant, cheerful room, and remarkably well adapted by its 
construction for a lecture or concert room, and is in much 
demand for these purposes. 

The main entrance to the hall is from Summer Street, 
by a broad and independent passage way from the top of 
the staircase, which renders it unnecessary for persons to 
pass thi'ough the other rooms in order to enter the hall. 
There is another entrance from Hawley Street ; and by 



108 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

this passage ladies who come to the library for books, 
and do not wish to pass through the reading and period- 
ical rooms, can reach the librarian's desk. 

A course of lectures is delivered before the association 
each winter by talented speakers. Tickets, admitting a 
gentleman and lady, are sold only to members. The pop- 
ularity of these lectures has been so gi'cat, that, although 
delivered in the largest hall in the city, it has been found 
necessary on several occasions, within a few years, to 
establish two courses in order to accommodate all the 
applicants for tickets. 

This institution is the oldest of all the Mercantile Li- 
brary Associations in the country, having been founded in 
March, 1820. Among the many institutions founded in 
this city for intellectual, moral, and social improvement, 
none are exerting a more beneficial influence, or are more 
firmly established in the confidence of the people. 

The Lowell Institute, with an entrance from Wash- 
ington Street, is the next object of interest. It was founded 
by John Lowell, Jr., Esq., for the support of regular courses 
of popular and scientific lectures. The sum bequeathed 
for this purpose amounts to about two hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars. By his will he provides for the main- 
tenance and support of public lectures on natural and 
revealed religion, physics and chemistry, with their appli- 
cation to the arts, and on geology, botany, and other use- 



ORDWAY HALL. BRATTLE STREET CHURCH. 109 

fill subjects. These lectures are all free. The season for 
delivermg them is from October to April, during which 
period U>uv or five courses (of twelve lectures each) are 
usually delivered. Mr. Lowell died at Bombay in March, 
1836, in the thirty-seventh year of his age. 

Ordwa^ Hall is situated in Province House Court. 
The building is very old ; and when Massachusetts was 
a province, the colonial governors resided here. The 
king's coat of arms, that once adorned this building, is 

! still treasured in the rooms of the Massachusetts Histor- 
ical Society, and seems to have suffered more from the 
tooth of time than the stanch old building it once adorned. 
Perhaps the smoke from Lexington and Concord dimmed 
its bright colors, tarnished its gilding, and caused it to 
be laid aside forever. The walls of this old house, that 
once echoed with kings' decrees, eloquent speeches, and 
loyal toasts, now ring with the gay laugh, tender songs, 
and humorous jests of the negro minstrel. The hall, 

; under the management of Mr. Ordway, has become de- 
servedly popular, as order is preserved, and all that may 
offend banished. 

ji Brattle Street Church stands in Brattle Square. 

r The first house of worship, a wooden building, was taken 
down in May, 1772, to make room for the present one, 
which was built upon the same spot, and consecrated July 
10 



110 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



25, 1773. In the front wall, near a window, may be seen 
the veritable cannon ball shot from Washington's camp in 
Cambridge, at the time Boston was in possession of the 
British. 




CHAPTER XIII 

HOWARD ATHEN^UM. BOAVDOIN SQUARE. — NATIONAL 

THEATRE. LOWELL DEPOT. EASTERN RAILROAD 

DEPOT. FITCHBURG DEPOT. COPP'S HILL. MAINE 

DEPOT. 

The Howard Athene um is centrally located, and 
fronts on Howard Street, occupying the spot where once 
stood the house in which Governor Eustis died. The the- 
atre, although not large, is one of the most comfortable 
places of amusement in the city, and is deservedly popular. 
Not far from here is Bowdoin Square, surrounded by 
some of the finest buildings in Boston. On one side rise 
the lofty walls of the " princely Revere ; " on another, 
" Coolidge Block," (a splendid building of stone,) the strong 
granite walls of Bowdoin Square Church, the " United 
States Courts" which occupy the " old Parkman mansion^* 
and massive " Gore Block ; " while from the centre start 
the cars for Cambridge, Mount Auburn, &c. There are 
several objects of interest not properly in the route we 
have marked out, and perhaps it were as well to diverge 
here, although obliged to return. 

(HI) 



112 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



^i 



The National Theatre, fronting on Traverse Street, 
is one hundred and twenty feet long by seventy-five feet 
wide, exclusive of saloons, refreshment rooms, &c., which 
are spacious and convenient. The leading architectural 
features are Doric, presenting broad pilasters with slight 
projections on the front, which support an unbroken en- 




tablature and a pediment eighteen feet high at each end. 
The roof is covered with slate and zinc, and is surmounted 
by an octagonal lantern, twelve feet in diameter and 
eighteen feet high, having a window on each of its sides. 
The structure is covered on the exterior walls with cement, 



BOSTON AND LOWELL DEPOT. 113 

in imitation of freestone, which gives a uniform and beau- 
ful appearance. 

The main ceiling of the interior is a single arch, of 
tifty-five feet span, rising within nine feet of the ridge. 
The gallery is entirely above the level cornice of the 
building, having an arched ceiling, which rises five feet 
higher than the main ceiling, and is ventilated by a large 
round window placed in the centre of the tympanum. 
The proscenium presents an opening forty feet wide and 
thirty-three feet high. The circle of boxes is so arranged 
that in every part of the house a full view is had of the 
stage. The pit is unusually large, and although removed 
for many years, has been reinstated, and now contains 
about five hundred seats. The National has been a very 
popular theatre, and in the hands of a good manager is 
always profitable. 

The Boston and Lowell Depot, at the foot of 
Lowell Street, is a plain brick building, with no preten- 
sions to architectural elegance. The length of the road 
proper is twenty-six miles. The branch road connecting 
is the Woburn Branch. The towns passed through on the 
road to Lowell are, — 

East Cambridge, a flourishing place, with many exten- 
sive manufactories, of M'hich the glass works are the most 
important. 

Somerville, three miles distant. 
10* 



114 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



Medford, five miles from Boston, is at the head of navi- 
gation on the Mystic River, and noted for its ship building. 

Woburn, ten miles, has a varied and pleasing aspect, 
and contains some beautiful farms. Horn Pond, in this 




town, is a delightful sheet of water, surrounded by ever- 
greens, and is so remarkable for its rural beauties as to 
attract many visitors from a distance. 

Wilmington is fifteen miles, Billerica nineteen miles, 
Billerica Mills twenty-two miles, and Lowell twenty-six 
miles from Boston. 

The Eastern Railroad Depot, which is built of 



EASTERN RAILROAD DEPOT. 



115 



wood, stands on Causeway Street, at the foot of Friend 
and Canal Streets. The length of the road to Ports- 
mouth is fifty-six miles, or to Portland one hundred and 




seven miles. On the way to Portsmouth the following 
towns are passed through : — 

Lynn, nine miles distant, is noted for its shoe trade. 

Salem, sixteen miles, was formerly engaged in the East 
India trade, but has declined in commercial importance, 
most of its shipping having been removed to Boston, 
although continuing to be owned in Salem. The Museum 
of the East India Marine Society is well worth a visit, for 



116 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

which tickets of admission can be procured gratis, on ap- 
plication. It is remarkable for the variety and extent of 
its natural and artificial curiosities, collected from every 
part of the world. The road passes through a tunnel 
built under Essex and Washington Streets, and is thence 
carried over a bridge of considerable length to Beverly. 

Beverly, sixteen miles from Boston, is connected with 
Salem by a bridge across the North River fifteen hundred 
feet in length. 

Wenham is twenty-two miles, Ij^swich twenty-seven 
miles, Rowley thirty-one miles, Newburyport thirty-six 
miles. The celebrated George Whitefield died in this 
town in September, 1770. Salisbury Beach is thirty- 
eight miles, Seabrook forty-two miles, Hampton forty-six 
miles, and Portsmouth fifty-six miles from Boston. The 
branch roads connecting with this road are the Saugus, 
MarbleJ^ead, South Reading, Gloucester, Essex, and Ames- 
bury branches. 

The FiTCHBURG Depot fronts on Causeway Street, at 
the corner of Haverhill Street. The building, which is 
three hundred and sixteen feet long, ninety-six feet wide, 
and two stories high, is of Fitchburg granite, and one of 
the handsomest depots in this country. Several roads 
unite with tliis road, and the Lexington and West Cam- 
bridge, Watertown and Marlboro', Peterboro' and Shirley 
branches; and the Worcester and Nashua, and Stony 
Brook Railroads connect at Groton Junction. 



i 



COPP'S HILL. 117 

Charlestown, the first place reached after crossing the 
viaduct over Charles River, is built on a peninsula formed 
by the Charles and Mystic Rivers, and is connected with 
Boston by two public bridges, by one with Chelsea and 




Maiden, over the Mystic, and with Cambridge by a bridge 
over Charles River. 

Somerville is three miles, Waltham ten miles. Concord 
twenty miles, Groton thirty-five miles, and Fitchburg fifty 
miles from Boston. 

Copp's Hill, not far from the Fitchburg Depot, was 
formerly called Snow Hill. It came into the possession 



118 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company ; and 
when, in 1775, they were forbidden by General Gage to 
parade on the Common, they went to this, their own 
ground, and drilled in defiance of his threats. The fort, 
or battery, that was built there by the British, just before i 



the battle of Bunker Hill, stood near its south-east brow, 
adjoining the burying ground. The remains of many 
eminent men repose in this little cemetery. Close by the 




entrance is the vault of the Mather family, covered by a 
plain oblong structure of brick, three feet high and about 
six feet long, upon which is laid a heavy brown stone 
slab, with a tablet of slate, bearing the following inscrip- 
tion : — 



BOSTON AND MAINE RAILROAD DEPOT. 



119 



The Reverend Doctors Increase, Cotton, and Samuel Mather were 
interred in this vault. 

Increase died August 27, 1723, M. 84. 
Cotton " Feb. 13, 1727, " ^o. 
Samuel " Jan. 27, 1785, " 79. 

Tiie whole is suiTounded by a neat ii'on railing. 




The Boston and Maine Railroad Depot fronts 
Dn Haymarket Square. It is a fine large brick building, 
two stories high, and is more centrally located than any 
3ther depot in the city. The lower part is used by the 
Company, but the large upper hall is occupied as a carpet 
wareroom by Tenny & Co. This road is seventy-four 



120 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

miles long, and reaches to Portland. The cars 
through Charlestown, which is distant one mile, Maiden,! 
four miles, South Reading, ten miles, Reading, twelve 
miles, Wilmington, eighteen miles, Andover, twenty-three! 
miles, Lawrence, twenty-six miles, North Andover, twenty- 
eight miles, Bradford, thirty-two miles, Haverhill, thirty- 
three miles, Exeter, fifty miles, Dover, sixty-eight miles, 
and Portland, one hundred and eleven miles. 

Most of the towns passed through by this road arej 
large manufacturing towns, Lawrence in particular being! 
a second Lowell, and bearing the name of one of Massa- 
chusetts' noblest sons, through whose influence it gained its 
present thriving position. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. MASSACHUSETTS 

MEDICAL COLLEGE. CITY JAIL. EYE AND EAR 

INFIR3IARY. 




Returning to Bowdoin Square, and resuming our 
oute, a sliort walk brings us to the Massachusetts Gen- 
■RAL Hospital. This building is located in Allen Street. 
11 (121) 



122 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

It had originally a front of one hundred and sixty-eight 
feet, with a depth of fifty -four feet, and a portico of eight 
Ionic columns ; but in the year 1846 it was enlarged, and 
now furnishes accommodations for above one hundi*ed 
patients. It is built of Chelmsford granite, the columns 
of their capitals being of the same material. In the cen- 
tre of the two principal stories are the rooms of the officers 
of the institution. Above these is the operating theatre, 
which is lighted from the dome. The wings of the build- j 
ing are divided into wards and sick rooms. The staircase! 
and floorings of the entries are of stone. The whole j 
house is supplied with heat by air flues from furnaces, and) 
with water by pipes and a forcing pump. j 

The premises have been improved by the planting off 
ornamental trees and shrubs, and the extension of the|| 
gravel walks for those patients whose health will admitf 
of exercise in the open air, while a high fence gives[ 
retirement to a spot that should be always still. Apphca-I 
tions for admission of patients must be made at the Hos-)l 
pital in Allen Street between nine and ten A. M. on eacli 
day of the week except Sunday. In urgent cases, how 
ever, application may be made at other times. Apphca^ 
tipns from the country may be made in writing, addressee 
to the admitting physician; and when a free bed is de 
sired, a statement of the pecuniary circumstances of th( 
patient must be made. No visitors ai-e admitted to th< 



MCLEAN ASYLUM FOR THE INSANTT. 123 

hospital without a special permit from the officers or 
trustees. The patients may be visited bj their friends 
daily, between twelve and one o'clock. 

The McLean Asylum for the Insane is under the 
direction of the trustees of the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, it being a branch of that institution ; and although 
situated in Somerville, it may not be amiss to describe it 
here. It is about one mile from Boston, on a delightful 
eminence, and consists of an elegant house for the super- 
intendent, with a wing at each end, handsomely constructed 
of brick, for the accommodation of the inmates, and has a 
large hall fifty feet long by twenty-five feet wide and four- 
teen high. The institution is supplied with billiard tables, 
&c., for the amusement of the inmates, who here receive 
not only the care, comforts, and attention, but the luxuries 
and retirement, which they had enjoyed at home. 

The male boarders and the female boarders have apart- 
ments in buildings entirely separated, and attended solely 
by persons of their own sex. No newspapers, pamphlets, 
or books are admitted without the assent of the attendant 
physician. 

Two practitioners in physic and two in surgery are 
annually appointed by the board of trustees, to act as a 
board of consultation. Two of the board of trustees form 
the visiting committee for the month, and each month are 
succeeded by two others. They meet at the asylum every 



124 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

Tuesday, to act upon applications for admission and dis- 
charges. " They shall fix the rate of board so low as to 
make it as much a charitable institution as its funds will 
permit, always regarding the circumstances of the respec- 
tive boarders, and the accommodation they may receive." 
The lowest rate of board is three dollars per week. 

Near the hospital in Allen Street, and at the foot of 
of North Grove Street, stands the Massachusetts Med- 
ical College. This building will accommodate morel 
than three hundred students, besides affording ample space 
for the cabinet which has been collected for medical and 
anatomical purposes, as well as for all the other objects of 
the institution. 

This institution is properly a branch of Harvard Col- 
lege ; and taking into view the amount of instruction givem 
in this school, the extensive apparatus with which it isj 
furnished, its connection with the numerous cases anc 
operations of one of the best conducted hospitals in the. 
United States, together with the generally thorough acqui- 
sitions and high respectability of its graduates, it may be 
doubted whether any seminary in the country offers the 
means of a more complete professional education thai 
may be obtained in the medical school at Boston. 

The cabinet contains the " Warren anatomical cabinet,' 
(consisting of the donations of Dr. Nichols, formerly o^ 
London, and others, with a large number of preparation^ 



NEW CITY JAIL. 125 

by himself,) plaster models representing vai'ious surgical 
diseases, &c., an extensive collection of preparations in 
wax, showing various tumors and diseases of the skin, 
many beautiful magnified drawings of subjects in anatomy 
and surgery, specimens and colored engravmgs of medici- 
nal plants, '&c. 

By the will of Dr. Warren, his skeleton is to be pre- 
sented to this college, and the institution whose interests 
he for so many years strove to forward is to become the 
recipient of his remains. A large medical library is con- 
nected with the institution. 

The New City Jail is located on a street to be a 
continuation of Charles Street northerly, between it and 
Grove Street, on land reclaimed from the ocean, about 
one hundred feet north of Cambridge Street, between that 
street and the Medical College. 

I ' The Jail consists of a centre octagonal building having 
four wings radiating from the centre. The main building 
s seventy feet square, and eighty-five feet in height. It 
s but two stories liigh, the low^er one of which contains 
he great kitchen, scullery, bakery, and laundry. The 
ipper story contains the great central guard and inspec- 
ion room. This room is seventy feet square, and con- 
ains the galleries and staircases connecting with the gal- 
eries outside of the cells in the three wings. 
The north, south, and east wings contain the cells, 
11* 



126 



BOSTON SIGHTS. 



and are constructed upon the "Auburn plan," being a 
prison within a prison. The north and south wings each 
measure eighty feet six inches in length, fifty-five feet in 
width, and fifty-six feet in height. The east wing meas- 
ui'es one hundred and sixty -four feet six inches in length, 
fifty-five feet in width, and fifty-six feet in height above 




the surface of the ground. The west wing measures fifty^ 
five feet in width, sixty-four feet in length, and of uniforml 
height with the three other wings, four stories in heigh 
the lower one of which contains the family kitchen aii( 
scullery of the jailer. 



EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. 127 

The exterior of the structure is entirely of Quincy 
granite, formed with split ashlar in courses, with cornices 
and other projecting portions hammered or dressed; the 
remaining portions of the entire building, both inside and 
outside, are of brick, iron, and stone, excepting the inte- 
rior of the west wing, which is finished with wood. 

The Eye and Ear Infirmary is situated on Charles 
Street, a short distance south of Cambridge Bridge. The 
building is of brick, and consists of a main building and 
two wings. The front of the principal building (which is 
sixty-seven feet in length and forty-four feet deep) is em- 
belhshed by stone dressings to all the windows, doors, 
cornices in the Italian style. The wings retire from the 
front eleven feet, and are perfectly plain. Li the base- 
ment are the kitchen, wash room, laundry, refectory 
wards, baths, store rooms, &c. In the first story in the 
main building are rooms for the matron and committee, 
and receiving and reading rooms ; in the wings are the 
male wards, with operating, apothecary, and bath rooms. 
In the second story are accommodations for the matron, 
and private female wards. The building is provided with 
a thorough system of ventilation, and the whole surrounded 
by a spacious, airy ground, shut out from the street by a 
high brick wall. This institution is intended exclusively 
for the poor, and no fees are permitted to be taken. 

In the rear of the Infirmary, and extending from the 



128 BOSTON SIGHTS. 

west end of Cambridge Street to the opposite shore in 
Cambridge, is Cambridge Bridge^ seeming (from a little 
distance) like a huge cable confining Boston to the main 
land. This bridge was the second built over Charles 
River, and the first bridge over which a horse railroad 
left the city. To the original proprietors a toll was 
granted for seventy years from the opening of the bridge, 
which, together with the causeway, was estimated to have 
cost twenty-three thousand pounds lawful money. 



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The vicinity of Boston presents a succession of villages 
probablj not to be paralleled for beauty in the United 
States. Tliey are generally the residence of business 
men from the city ; and, a suburban residence has become 
so attractive, and the villages so stocked \vith comforts 
and luxuries, that many wealthy famihes who used for- 
merly to pass the winter in the city and the summer in 
the country make the latter their permanent dwelling- 
place 

THE SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

only, and the correct method of seeing them, we propose 
to give, as it would be impossible, within our limits, and 
I aot tQ our purpose, to describe the suburban towns, which 
are all worthy of a visit. Therefore we shall merely de- 
scribe the suburban sights, and leave the visitor to dis- 
jover new beauties in each town he may visit. 
' (129) 



^fi'fi 




CHAPTER XV. 

CAMBEH)GE SIGHTS. OLD FORTIFICATIONS, HARVARD 

INSTITUTE, GORE HALL, WASHINGTON HOUSE, RIEDE- 
SEL HOUSE, WASHINGTON ELM. MOUNT AUBURN. 

Taking the cars from Bowdoin Square, it takes but a 
short time to be landed in Cambridge. At the corner of 
Inman Street stands a noble mansion, shaded by fine trees, 
and wdth a noble lawn in front. Previous to the revolu- 
tion it was owned and occupied by Ralj)h Inman, a wealthy 
tory, who was unceremoniously dispossessed, and his line 
house assigned as head quarters to the redoubtable General 
Putnam. The street which leads up to the side entrance 
of the house perpetuates the name of its original owner. 

The ridge of land called Dana Hill, which is approached 
by an almost imperceptible ascent, forms the natural 
boundary between the "Port" and "Old Cambridge." 
On the summit of this ridge, on the right hand side of the 
road, was located one of the chain of redoubts erected by 
the Americans at the outset of the revolution. Traces 
of it have been visible within a very few yeai's, but they 
are now obliterated in the march of improvement — that 

(131) 



132 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



I 



same spirit of progress which made it necessary to cut a 
road through another old fort, a little beyond the one just 
mentioned, on the opposite side of the way. The land 
never having been required for building purposes, this 
redoubt continued in a fine state of preservation, and its 
embankment and fosse were plainly distinguishable. 

Still following the " Main Street," it is not long before 




« 



« 



the turrets of Gore Hall — the library building of the 
university — come in sight, and a side glimpse of the 
other college buildings is obtained through the trees. 
Gore Hall is of recent construction. The outer walls 



CAMBRIDGE. 133 

of the building are of rough Quincy granite laid in regu- 
lar courses, with hammered stone buttresses, towers, pin- 
nacles, drip stones, &c. The inner walls, columns, and 
the main floor are of brick, covered with hard pine ; the 
partitions are strengthened by iron columns concealed 
within them, and the roof and galleries rest on iron rafters. 
It is in the form of a Latin cross, the extreme length of 
which externally is one hundred and forty feet, and through 
the transept eighty-one and a half feet. 

The interior contains a hall one hundred and twelve 
feet long and thirty-five feet high, with a vaulted ceiling 
supported by twenty ribbed columns. The spaces between 
the columns and side walls are divided by partitions into 
stalls or alcoves for books, above and below the gallery. 
The hbrary is divided into four departments, viz. : Public, 
Law, Theological, and Medical. It contains ninety thou- 
sand volumes. Among its curiosities are seven Greek 
manuscripts, (one a fragment of an evangehstary, proba- 
bly of the ninth century,) and several Oriental manuscripts, 
in Arabic, Persian, Hindostanee, Japanese, &c. 

Of Roman coins the library has six hundred and seventy- 
one in copper, forty-three in silver, and one in gold ; of 
ancient coins other than Roman, eight. There are over 
five hundred modern coins of all sorts, and a large number 
of medals. 

In term time the Hbrary is open on the first four secu- 
12 



134 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

lar days of the week, from nine A. M. till one P. M., and 
from two till four P. M., and on Fridays from nine A. M. 
till one P. M. ; excepting the first Friday of each term> 
Christmas Day, the days of public Fast and Thanksgiv- 
ing, and the Fridays following them, the Fourth of July, 
and the days of public exhibitions and the Dudleian Lec- 
ture, during the exercises. In the vacations the library is 
open every Monday from nine A. M. till one P. M. All 
persons who wish to have access to the library, or to bring 
their friends to see it, are expected to make their visits on 
the days and within the hours above named. 

University Hall is a handsome granite edifice, and 
contains the chapel, lecture rooms, &c. Besides the large 
halls occupied by the under graduates, there are Divinity 
Hall, appropriated to theological students, and Holden 
Chapel, which contains the anatomical museum, &c. A 
large observatory is furnished with one of the largest and 
finest telescopes in the world. The Legislative Gov- 
ernment is vested in a corporation, which consists of the 
president and six fellows, and a board of overseers, com- 
posed of the president, the governor and lieutenant gov- 
ernor of the state, the members of the executive council 
and the Senate, and the speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, ex officns, together with thirty others, fifteen 
clergymen and fifteen laymen, elected for the purpose. 
The faculty of instruction, embracing the professional and 



CAMBRIDGE. 135 

scientific schools, consists of the president, twenty-eight 
professors, five tutors, and several teachers. The degree 
of Bachelor of Arts is conferred at the close of a course 
of four years' study. The term of study for the divinity 
school is three years ; that of the law school, thi'ee years 
for graduates of any college, and five for students who 
have not received a classical education. There are very 
liberal funds appropriated to the support of students who 
require assistance in the prosecution of their studies. 
The law school, which enjoys a high repute, was estab- 
lished in 1817. The lectures to the medical students are 
delivered at the Massachusetts Medical College, in Boston. 
A degree of M. D. is conferred only upon those students 
who have attended the courses of lectures, and spent three 
years under the tuition of a regular physician. 

The foundation of Harvard University is one of the 
most honorable events in the history of Massachusetts. 
In 1630, six years only after the settlement of Boston, 
the General Com-t appropriated four hundred pounds for 
the establishment of a school or college at Cambridge, 
then called Newtown. When we consider the scantiness 
of the colonial resources, and the value of money at that 
time, the allowance appears no less than munificent. The 
colonial records mention this appropriation in the follow- 
ing terms : " The court agreed to give four hundred pounds 
towards a school or college, whereof two hundred pounds 



136 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

be paid the next year, and two hundred pounds when the 
work is finished, and the next court to appoint where and 
what building." The colonists were then involved in the 
Pequod war. Savage says the sum was " equal to a year's 
rate of the whole colony." But the college owes its exist- 
ence in fact — for it is doubtful whether the legislature 
would have carried their plans beyond the establishment 
of a grammar school — to the liberaHty of an Enghsh 
clergyman, the Rev. John Harvard, who died in Charles- 
town in 1638. Very little is known respecting this 
benefactor of learning. His birthplace, even, cannot be 
ascertained. He was, however, a man of education, hav- 
ing gi-aduated at Cambridge University, England; and 
he preached in Newtown, afterwards Cambridge, Massa- 
chusetts. Harvard left by will one half of his estate, 
about eight hundred pounds sterling, to the school which 
the legislature had established in Newtown. His bequest 
gave a vigorous impetus to the new estabhshment, and the 
General Court at once determined to erect it into a col- 
lege, to be called Harvard, in commemoration of its bene- 
factor ; while in honor of the classic seat of learning in 
the mother country, where so many of the colonists had 
been educated, the name of Newtown was changed to 
that of Cambridge. " It pleased God," says a contempo- 
rary writer, " to stir up the heart of one Mi'. Harvard (a 
godly gentleman and lover of learning then living among 



CAMBRIDGE. 137 

us) to give one half of his estate towards the erection of 
a college, and all his library." 

" When," says Edward Everett, in his address delivered 
at the erection of a monument to John Harvard, in the 
graveyard at Charlestown, September 26, 1828, " we think 
of the mighty importance, in our community, of the sys- 
tem of pubUc instruction, and regard the venerable man 
whom we commemorate as the first to set the example of 
contributing liberally for the endowment of places of edu- 
cation, (an example faitlifuUy imitated in this region in 
almost every succeeding age,) we cannot, as patriots, 
admit that any honor which it is m our power to pay to 
his memory is beyond his desert." 

The impulse given by John Harvai'd's generosity placed 
the permanence of the college out of danger. Four years 
after Harvard's death, a class graduated, whose finished 
education reflected the highest credit on their alma mater. 
The university became the pride of the colony. English 
youths were sent hither to receive their education. The 
legislature continued its guardianship and care, and aided 
it by timely donations, while private individuals, animated 
by the spirit and example of Harvard, poured their con- 
tributions and bequests into its treasury. It was richly 
endowed, and in resources, buildings, library, and profes- 
sorships it takes precedence of all other institutions of 
learning in the country. 
12* 



138 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

The annual commencement still attracts crowds, and is 
regarded with interest ; and for two centuries it was to 
Cambridge, Boston, and its environs the great event of 
the year. It gathered together all the dignitaries, all the 
learning, and all the beauty and fashion of the land. The 
university comprises a department for under graduates 
and schools of theology, law, and medicine. A most im- 
portant addition to the educational advantages of Cam- 
bridge was the founding of the Scientific School, in 
1848, by Hon. Abbott Lawrence, with a fund of fifty 
thousand dollars, which has since been largely increased. 
In tliis school, young men who have not received a classi- 
cal education can be fitted for various departments of 
business, as chemists, civil engineers, navigators, &c. 

On the left, opposite Gore Hall, is seen a large, square, 
old-fashioned house, at a little distance from the street, 
which was built by Mr. Apthorp, who was a native of 
Boston, but received his education at the university of 
Cambridge, m England, where he took orders, and received 
the appointment of missionary to the newly-established 
church in this place. He is said to have been a very am- 
bitious man, and to have had his eye upon a bishopric, 
which he fondly hoped would be established in New Eng- 
land, having Cambridge for its centre, and himself the 
metropolitan. It must be confessed that the stately man- 
sion which was erected for his use, still styled " the Bish- 



CAMBRIDGE. 139 

op's Palace," far surpassing in pretensions the general- 
ity of houses at that day, gives some countenance to the 
traditionary report of his aristocratic predilections. But 
whatever may have been his expectations, they were 
doomed to disappointment, and his house — the same 
which, a few years after the depaiture of its original pro- 
prietor, received the haughty Burgoyne beneath its roof, 
not as a master, but as a discomfited prisoner of war — 
yet retains unmistakable traces of its former elegance. 

Let the stranger stroll along the old road to Watertown 
— the Brattle Street of the moderns. Leaving the ven- 
erable Brattle mansion on the left, — now cast into the 
shade by the " Brattle House," erected on a portion of its 
once elegant domain, — and passing beyond the more 
thickly settled part of the village, he will find, on each 
side of the way, spacious edifices, belonging to some for- 
mer day and generation; extensive gardens, farms, and 
orchards, evidently of no modern date ; and trees whose 
giant forms were the growth of years gone by. Who 
built these stately mansions, so unlike the usual Ne\Y Eng- 
land dwellings of ancient days, with their spacious lawns, 
shaded by noble elms, and adorned with shrubbery ? Who 
were the proprietors of these elegant seats, which arrest 
the attention and charm the eye of the passing traveller ? 
Who were the original occupants of these abodes of aris- 
tocratic pride and wealth, — for such they must have been, 



140 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



— and whose voices waked the echoes in these lofty halls ? 
A race of men which has passed away forever ! They are 
gone. Their tombs are in a distant land; even their 
names have passed from remembrance ; and nought re- 
mains to tell of their sojourn here save these stately piles, 
whose walls once echoed to the sound of pipe and harp, 
and whose courts reverberated with the notes of their 
national anthem. 




Prominent among these residences of the royalists of 
olden time is that of Colonel John Vassall, which became 
in July, 1775, the head quarters of General Washington ; 



CAMBRIDGE. 141 

an edifice even more elegant and spacious than its fellows, 
standing in the midst of shrubbery and stately elms, a 
little distance from the street, once the highway from Har- 
vard University to Waltham. At this mansion, and at 
Winter Hill, Washington passed most of his time after 
taking command of the continental army, until the evacu- 
ation of Boston in the following spring. Its present 
owner is Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, widely known 
in the world of literature as one of the most gifted men 
of the age. It is a spot worthy of the residence of an 
American bard so endowed, for the associations which 
hallow it are linked with the noblest themes that ever 
awakened the inspiration of a child of song. 

This mansion stands upon the upper of two terraces, 
which are ascended each by five stone steps. At each 
front corner of the house is a lofty elm, mere saplmgs 
when Washington beheld them, but now stately and patri- 
archal in appearance. Other elms, with flowers and shrub- 
bery, beautify the grounds around it ; while within, icono- 
clastic innovation has not been allowed to enter with its 
mallet and trowel, to mar the work of the ancient builder, 
and to cover with the vulgar stucco of modern art the 
carved cornices and panelled wainscots that first enriched it. 

A few rods above the residence of Professor Longfel- 
low is the house in which the Brunswick general, the 
Bakon Riedesel, and his family were quartered, during 



142 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



the Stay of the captive army of Burgoyne in the vicinity 
of Boston. Upon a window pane on the north side of the 
house may be seen the undoubted autograph of the accom- 




plished Baroness Riedesel. It is an interesting memento,] 
and preserved with great care. 

Near the westerly corner of the Common, upon Wash- 
ington Street, stands the Washington Elm, one of the 
ancient anakim of the primeval forest, older, probably, by 
half a century or more, than the welcome of Samoset to 
the white settlers, and is distinguished by the circumstance 
that beneath its broad shadow General Washington first 



CAMBRIDGE. 



143 



drew his sword as commander-in-chief of the continental 
army, on the morning of July 3d, 1775. Not far from 
here was the spot where public town meetings were held, 
and also the tree under which the Indian council fires 
were lighted more than two hundred years ago. When 




the drum was used in Cambridge, mstead of the bell, to 
summon the congregation to the place of worship, or 
to give warning of a savage enemy, the sound floated 
throughout those trailing limbs, that, could they but speak, 
would take a veteran's delight in telling of the past. May 
no unkind hand mar the last tree of the native forest. 



144 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

Though it may have stood century after century, like a 
sentinel on duty, defying the lightning and the storm, still 
let it stand, an interesting and sacred memorial of the 
past and the present, and continue to be associated, for 
many years to come, with the history of our country. 
And let the illustrious name which it bears, and which it 
derives from one of the most important events in the life 
of the father of his country, jjreserve it to remind the 
coming generations of his invaluable services and labors. 

Mount Auburn. — The cemetery of Mount Auburn, 
justly celebrated as the most interesting object of the kind 
in our country, is situated in Cambridge and Watertown, 
about four and a half miles from the city of Boston, and 
one and a quarter miles west of Harvard University. It 
includes upwards of one hundred acres of land, purchased 
at different times by the Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- 
ety, extending from the main road nearly to the banks of 
Charles E-iver. A portion of the land next to the road, 
and now under cultivation, once constituted the experi- 
mental garden of the society. A long watercourse be- 
tween this tract and the interior woodland formed a nat- 
ural boundary, separating the two sections. The inner 
portion, whicli was set apart for the purposes of a ceme- 
tery, is covered, tlu*oughout most of its extent, with a 
vigorous growth of forest trees, many of them of large 
size, and comprising an unusual variety of species. This 




1. Road to Fresh Pond, 


14. Juniper Hill. 


2. Chapel. 


15. Temple Hill. 


3. Spruce Avenue. 


16. Rosemary Path. 


4. Public Lot. 


17. Jasmine Path. 


5. Laurel Hill. 


18. Chestnut Avenue. 


6. Walnut Avenue. 


19. Poplar Avenue. 


7. Mountain Avenue. 


20. Meadow Pond. 


8. Mount Auburn Tower. 


21. Lime Avenue. 


9. Dell Path. 


22. Larch Avenue. 


10. Pine Hill. 


23. Garden Pond. 


11. Central Square. 


24. Forest Pond. 


12. Cedar Hill. 


25. Central Avenue. 


13. Harvard Hill. 




13 


(145) 



146 SUHUKHAN SIGHTS. 

tract is beautifully undulating in its surface, containing a 
number of bold eminences, steep acclivities, and deep, 
shadowy Aalleys. A remarkable natural ridge, with a 
level surface, runs through the ground from south-east to 
north-west, which was for many years a favorite walk with 
the students of Harvard. The principal eminence, called 
Mount Auburn, is one hundred and twenty-five feet above 
the level of Charles River, and commands from its sum- 
mit one of the finest prospects which can be obtained in 
the environs of Boston. On one side is the city, in full 
view, connected at its extremities with Charlestown and 
Roxbury. The serpentine course of Charles River, with 
the cultivated hills and 'fields rising beyond it, and the 
Blue Hills of Milton in the distance, occupies another 
portion of the landscape. On the north, at a very small 
distance, Fresh Pond appears, a handsome sheet of water, 
finely diversified by its woody and irregular shores. 
Country seats and cottages, in various directions, and 
especially those on the elevated land at Watertown, add 
much to the picturesque effect of the scene. On the 
summit of this elevation a tower has been erected, (of 
sufficient height to be seen above the surrounding trees.) 
to subserve the triple purpose of a landmark, to identify 
the spot, and for an observatory, commanding an uninter- 
rupted view of the surrounding landscape of cities, to^^^l^, 
hills, farms, rivers, Massachusetts Bay, with fts jasmy 



MOUNT AUBURN. 147 

islands and shipping. The lantern or cupola of this 
tower is at least one hundred and eighty-five feet above 
Charles River. 

The front entrance gate from Cambridge road is a 
design from an Egyptian model, and is masterly chiselled 
in granite, at a cost of about ten thousand dollars ; and 
the cast iron picketed fence on that whole front line was 
erected at a cost of about fifteen thousand dollars; a 
splendid chapel was completed within its grounds in 1848, 
at a cost of about twenty -five thousand dollars. 

Strangers can receive on application to any trustee, or 
to the secretary, a permit to enter the cemetery with a 
carriage any day except Sundays and holidays ; but with- 
out a vehicle, visitors are admitted without charge. The 
following direct guide through the cemetery is taken from 
" Dearborn's Guide thi'ough Mount Auburn," a book that 
may be procured at the entrance. 

" The front line of the cemetery is east to west ; and 
Central Avenue, fronting the gate, is from the north to 
the south. From the gate, advance in front up Central 
Avenue, and on the left, on an elevated plot, is the monu- 
ment to Spurzheim, and a little farther is the metal 
oronzed statue of Bowditch, in a sitting posture ; then 
;urn to the west, into Chapel Avenue, and you see a 
)eautiful monument erected to the memory of Dr. Sharp, 
md also a magnificent temple, appropriated to the sanctu- 



148 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

ary services of the grave ; pass on into Pine Avenue, and 
there are the Shaw and Dorr monuments ; continue Pine 
Avenue to the north-west, which leads to Green Brier and 
Yarrow Paths, and there are the monuments to Fisher, 
Haughton, Fessenden, Channing, Curtis, Turner, Bangs, 
the sculptured child of Binney, Doane, Gossler, Allen, 
with numerous other pillars and obelisks to meet the eye ; 
after this examination, turn into Heliotrope and Heath 
Paths, for sculpture of Gardner's child, monument of Wil- 
liam Appleton, and the splendid mausoleum of two fronts 
to Dr. Binney ; Armstrong, Shattuek's boy ; pass into Fir 
Avenue at the west, and view the Magoun monument of 
mother and daughter ; then turn to the south, where are 
the monuments to Torrey, Mrs. N. P. Willis, Bates, Lin- 
coln, Pickens, and many others ; pass through Fir Avenue 
to the south, crossing Spruce Avenue, curving to the 
south-east, and then turn to the right hand into Walnut 
Avenue, and at the right hand are Elder, Pilgrim, and 
Snowdrop Paths, on a north-west line, and view the ele- 
gantly carved temples of Cotting, Miles, Bush, Foss, Pen- 
niman, Shattuck, Farrar, Wolcott, Hartshorn, and others ; 
return to Walnut Avenue, and pass through it, curving to 
the south, and view the monuments to Hicks, Worcester, 
Watson, and others ; then turn to the left into Mountain 
Avenue, north-westerly, and ascend Mount Auburn's high- 
est mound, one hundred and twenty-five feet above the 



MOUNT AUBURN. 149 

River Charles, from whence Boston and the surrounding 
country may be seen ; then descend Mount Auburn on 
the south-east, through Hazel Path, curving round to the 
north, and view the Fuller monument; then pass on to 
Harvard. Hill at the north-east ; here the eye will greet 
the mausoleums to Andrews, Kii'kland, Ashmun, Hoff- 
man, and officers of Harvard University, and also to some 
of the students ; descend into Rose Path, at the south- 
west, where are monuments of Scudder and Davis, encir- 
cling its base, to the eastward ; then turn to the right 
hand into Sweet Brier Path, and continue to its south-east 
termination, and there is a mausoleum to Coffin ; then 
turn to the left hand into Chestnut Avenue, and at its 
junction with Hawthorn Path is the Tremont Strangers' 
Tomb ; continue north-west through Hawthorn Path, 
which leads to Cedar Hill, where are the monuments to 
Hildreth, Appleton, and others; from thence south-west, 
round Cedar Hill, is Ivy Path, which curves to the north, 
and at the end of this branch, a little to the west, is Con- 
secration Dell, where are monuments to Stanton, Watts, 
i Waterson, Leverett, Dana, &c. ; leave Consecration Dell 
\ at its north-west corner, and pass into Vine Path, crossing 
Moss Path by the monument to Stearns, on to Central 
Square, where are monuments to Hannah Adams, Mur- 
ray, and others ; at the north-west of Central Square is 
Poplar Avenue, curving to the east ; and there may be 
13* 



150 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

seen mementoes to Warren Colburn, Sturgis, Choate, 
Munson, Mrs. Ellis, and others ; then turn round to the 
left into the eastern line of Willow Avenue, curving round 
into its western line, and there are obelisks or mausoleums 
to McLellan, WilHams, Buckingham, Randall, Chamber- 
lain, Thayer, Tuckerman, Mrs. Gannett, Lowell, Mason, 
Howard, and others ; leaving Willow Avenue at its south- 
west corner, turn to the right through Poplar Avenue into 
Alder Path, to the north, and see a monument to Wet- 
more, Greenleaf, and others ; pass into Narcissus Path 
northerly, around Forest Pond, and view the monuments 
to Story, Webster, Oxnard, Rich, Durgin, Faxon, Win- 
chester, and others ; at the north curve of Forest Pond is 
Catalpa Path, on an east line to Indian Ridge Path, where 
those to Brimmer, Bond, Seaver, Greenleaf, Patterson, 
Wadsworth, Francis, Fearing, West, To my Mary, Stack- 
pole, and others are erected ; then return to Catalpa Path 
west, to Linden Path, near to Beach Avenue, where are 
monuments to Tappan, Thaxter, Raymond, and others; 
pass through Beach Avenue to the south, where are the 
monuments of Bigelow, Stone, Stevens, Coolidge, Putnam, 
&c. ; then turn round to the right hand into Central Ave- 
nue, where are the monuments of Harnden, Gibbs, Phelps, 
Peck, Purges, Abbe, Clary, and the sculptured watch dog 
of Perkins ; turn to the left hand into Cypress Avenue, 
where the Bible monument of Gray may be seen on 



UNITED STATES ARSENAL. 151 

Hibiscus Path, and a little south is the Coggswell monu- 
ment ; then turn to the left, easterly, and near the centre 
of Central Avenue the monuments of Hewins, Tisdale, 
Buckminster, Cleveland, Lawrence, Herwig, and others ; 
continue -through Cypress Avenue, curving to the south, 
and there is the public lot, with numerous shafts and me- 
mentoes to friends, wdth a singular horizontal slab to the 
memory of M. TV. B., and a little north-west of the pub- 
lic lot, on Eglantine Path, is the sculptured figure of 
Christ blessing little children ; a little to the east of that 
is the Ford monument. Faith with the Cross, and the 
Fuller monument. Return through the south part of 
Cypress Avenue, where is a monument to Samuel Story, 
Jr., on Lupine Path; then turn round to the left, into 
Cedar Avenue, leading to the north, where are monuments 
to Gridley, Hay ward, Benjamin, and others ; continue to 
the right hand, through part of Cypress Avenue, to Cen- 
tral Avenue, passing the statue of Bowditch, and view^ the 
monument to the officers lost in the exploring expedition, 
and others, after which a return to the gate on the north 
may be made direct." 

A short distance from the cemetery, in Watertown, 
is the United States Arsenal. It stands on the banks 
of the Charles River, a short distance below the village, 
contains a large amount of munitions of w^ar, and covers 
forty acres of ground. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

m 

BUNKER HILL. MONUMENT. NAVY YARD. STATE'S 

PRISON. HARVARD MONUMENT. 

A Charlestown omnibus can speedily set us down 

at the foot of Bunker Hill, where the pride of Britain 

was once humbled, and her veteran sons, in promiscuous 

heaps, bit the dust. On the summit of this eminence 

, stands the renowned Monument, towering to the skies, 

^ silently saying. Here was the bloody conflict between the 

1 oppressor and the oppressed; there floated the ships of 

\ war that vainly thundered with the engines of desolation 

: against the undaunted heroes who, with pickaxe and 

shovel, upheaved the mounds that were to protect them 

from the enemy. 

Ascending one of the long flights of granite steps to 
the gravel walk that leads to the monument, we approach 
the highest spot of this everlasting hill, of everlasting 
remembrance. Though once soaked with the blood of 
the slain, it is now a beautiful and interesting resort to 
strangers and travellers. Its pleasingly verdant surface 

(153) 



154 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

regularly descends every way to a green hedge that fringes 
its base, and outside of a broad walk on its four equal 
sides is a granite and iron fence, of elegant style. 

Bunker Hill Monument rises, lofty and grand, from 
the centre of the grounds included within the breastworks 
of the old redoubt on Breed's Hill. Its sides are precisely 
parallel with those of the redoubt. It is built of Quincy 
granite, and is two hundred and twenty-one feet in height. 
The foundation is composed of six courses of stone, and 
extends twelve feet below the surface of the ground and 
base of the shaft. The four sides of the foundation ex- 
tend about fifty feet horizontally. There are in the whole i 
pile ninety courses of stone, six of them below the surface 
of the ground, and eighty-four above. The foundation is 
laid in lime mortar; the other parts of the structure in 
lime mortar mixed with cinders, iron filings, and Spring- 
field hydraulic cement. The base of the obelisk is thirty 
feet square ; at the spring of the apex, fifleen feet. In- 
side of the shaft is a round, hollow cone, the outside diam- 
eter of which at the bottom is ten feet, and at the top, six 
feet. Around this inner shafl winds a spiral flight of 
stone steps, two hundred and ninety-five in number. In 
both the cone and shafl are numerous little apertures 
for the purposes of ventilation and light. The observa- 
tory or chamber at the top of the monument is seventeen 
feet in heio^ht and eleven feet in diameter. It has four 



BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. 155 

windows, one on each side, which are provided with iron 
shutters. The cap piece of the apex is a single stone, 
three feet six inches in thickness, and four feet square at 
its base. It weighs two and a half tons. 

The monument was dedicated on the 17th of June, 
1843. The president of the United States (Mr. Tyler) 
and his whole cabinet were present, and Daniel Webster 
was the orator. 




Within the colossal obelisk is a beautiful model of Dr. 
Warren's Monument, which was removed to give place 
to the present one ; and a simple marble slab now only 



156 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

marks the spot where a patriot fell, as Hon. Edward 
Everett has beautifully expressed it, "with a numerous 
band of kindred spirits — the gray-haired veteran, the 
stripling in the flower of youth — who had stood side by 
side on that dreadful day, and fell together, like the beauty 
of Israel in their high places." He was buried where he 
fell, but his ashes now repose in " Forest Hill Cemetery." 
In the top of the monument are two cannons, named 
respectively "Hancock" and "Adams," which formerly 
belonged to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com- 
pany. The "Adams" was burst by them in firing a 
salute. The following is the inscription upon the two 
guns : — » 

SACRED TO LIBERTY. 
This is one of four cannons which constituted the whole train of 
field artillery possessed by the British colonies of North America at the 
commencement of the war, on the 19th of April, 1775. This cannon 
and its fellow, belonging to a number of citizens of Boston, were used 
in many engagements during the war. The other two, the property of 
the government of Massachusetts, were taken by the enemy. 

Though this monument was built to commemorate an 
important event and a bloody battle, it is also a most 
lofty observatory. The view from the top, for extent, 
variety, and beauty, is certainly one of the finest in the 
world, and Avorth a thousand miles of travel to see. Bos- 
ton, its harbor, and the beautiful country around, mottled 



GALLERY OF NEEDLEWORK TAPESTRIES. 157 

v^dth villages, are spread out like a vast painting, and on 
every side the eye may rest upon localities of great his- 
torical interest — Cambridge, Roxbury, Chelsea, Quincy, 
Medford, Marblehead, Dorchester, and other places. In 
the far distance, on the north-west, rise the higher peaks 
of the White Mountains of New Hampshire ; and on the 
north-east the peninsula of Nahant and the more remote 
Cape Ann may be seen. Wonders which present science 
and enterprise are developing and forming are there ex- 
hibited in profusion. At one glance from this lofty obser- 
vatory may be seen several railroads and many other 
avenues connecting the city with the country ; and ships 
from almost every region of the globe dot the waters of 
the harbor. Could a tenant of the old graveyard on 
Copp's Hill, who lived a hundred years ago, when the 
village upon Tri-mountain was fitting out its little armed 
flotillas against the French in Acadia, or sending forth its 
few vessels of trade along the neighboring coasts, or occa- 
sionally to cross the Atlantic, come forth and stand beside 
us a moment, what a new and wonderM world would be 
presented to his vision ! 

The Ne"w England Gallery of Needlework 
Tapestries is situated at No. 1 Adams Street, and to 
those interested in needle painting it is well worthy of a 
visit. Those who have not seen for themselves would 
hardly believe with what perfect success the conception 
14 



158 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



1 



of the artist is transferred to canvas by the patient accu- 
racy of the needle. We shall merely mention a few of 
the most striking paintings, (for it is hard to believe them 
aught else.) They are, Surrender of Mary, Queen of 
Scots, Defence of Queen Catharine, The Resignation of 
the Crown by Mary, Queen of Scots, Little Eva, The 
Tribute Money, The Escape of King Edward, and so 
many others that it is impossible to enumerate them in 
our contracted limits. Continuing on our way, we soon 




reach the Charlestown Navy Yard. This naval depot 
is situated on the north side of Charles River, on a point 



CHARLESTOWN NAVY YARD. 159 

of land east of the centre of the city of Charlestown, ex- 
tending along the harbor from the mouth of the Charles 
to the mouth of the Mystic River. This yard was pur- 
chased by the United States, under authority of an act of 
Congress, in the year 1800. The State of Massachusetts, 
by an ao* of the legislature of that year, gave its assent to 
the sale, under certain restrictions. The cost of the whole 
purchase, including commissions, was about forty thousand 
dollars. On the side next the town the yard is protected 
by a wall of stone masonry, sixteen feet high; on the 
harbor side are several wharves and a dry dock ; except 
the approach to these, a sea wall is extended the whole 
harbor line. This dry dock was authorized by the nine- 
teenth Congress, commenced 10th July, 1827, and opened 
for the reception of vessels, 24th June, 1833. It is built 
of beautifully-hammered granite, in the most workmanlike 
and substantial manner; is three hundred and forty-one 
feet long, eighty feet wide, and thirty feet deep, and cost 
r about six hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The 
^ first vessel docked after its completion was the frigate 
Constitution. A little farther off, on their own element, 
float the old copper bottoms with two or three decks, and 
with threatening broadsides and bow and stern chasers 
ready for the work of destruction, but now passive as so 
many swans. 

There are in this yard four large ship houses, various 



160 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

mechanic shops, storehouses, dwelling houses for the offi- 
cers, and marine barracks, besides an extensive ropewalk 
of granite. This structure, the finest in the country, is an 
object worthy the attention of strangers, and will give 
some idea of the vast amount of expenditure defrayed for 
public works at this superb naval station. The principal 
building contains in the basement the engine room and 
boilers ; the second story contains the spinning machinery ; 
and the " walks," being a quarter of a mile in length, 
occupy the ground floor. 

There are, too, in the yard large quantities of timber 
and naval stores, exceeding in value two millions of dol- 
lars. More or less ships of war are at all times lying 
here in ordinary. There is a sufficient depth of water for 
the largest ships of war to lie afloat, at all times, at the 
ends of the wharves. The yard contains within the wall 
about one hundred acres, and, independent of all buildings 
and works, the site would now readily command more 
than a million of dollars. 

The visitor to the navy yard will find many objects of 
interest to claim a share of his attention ; and in every 
department of this great establishment there is a uniform 
neatness and order, which are always pleasing, and for 
which this station is inferior to none in the world. Many 
improvements have been made in it within a few years. 
Its general appearance is neat and fit ; and for all manu- 



CHARLESTOWN STATE PRISON. 



161 



facturing purposes connected with building and equipping 
ships of war, perhaps no other yard in the Union offers 
so great facilities. 

The Charlestown State Prison is in the form of 
a cross, having four wings united to a central octagonal 
building, one for the superintendent and his family, and 
three of them for inmates. The kitchen is in the centre 




Dctagon building, in the first story ; the supervisor's room 
s over the kitchen ; the chapel over the supervisor's room ; 
he hospital over the chapel ; and so good is the arrange^ 
nent, that all areas, apartments, windows, walls, galleries, 
14* 



162 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

staircases, fastenings, external walls, and external yard 
walls, except the space outside, at the end of the wings, 
are under supervision from the centre. If a prisoner 
breaks out, he only breaks in ; that is, if he escapes 
froili his dormitory into the area, he has still another 
wall or grating to break, while at the same time he is in 
sight. 

The buildings being of stone, the cell floors of stone or 
iron, the galleries and staircases of iion, and the doors 
and gratings of the same material, render the prison 
nearly fire-proof, while the whole building is ventilated in 
the most thorough manner, each small room, dormitory, or 
cell being provided with a ventilator, starting from the 
floor of the same, in the centre wall, and conducted, sepa- 
rate from every other, to the top of the block, where it is 
connected with a ventiduct. Both at the top and bottom 
of the room there is a slide, or register, over orifices open- 
ing into this ventilator, which are capable of being opened 
or shut. 

School rooms, privilege rooms, chapels, private rooms 
and places, comfortably large single rooms, are provided, 
in which all kinds of good instruction can be given. The 
hospital is large, light, convenient, easily accessible, well 
warmed, and well ventilated. The separate rooms are so 1 
located and distributed, under supervision, from the centre 
building, that a gentle knock on the inner side of the door 



HARVARD MONUMENT. 163 

of each separate lodging room can be heard by the person, 
on duty in the central room for supervision and care, and 
relief be immediately procured, if seized by sickness. 

Large provision is made of floors and space for employ- 
ment, under cover, with good and sufficient light, conven- 
ience, anS supervision. In many old buildings there has 
not been employment, because there was no place suitable 
for it. This difficulty has received great consideration, 
and every effort has been made entirely to remove it, so 
that all the inmates of these buildings should be kept out 
of idleness, which is the mother of mischief Labor is 
favorable to order, discipline, instruction, reformation, 
health, and self-support. But there can be but httle pro- 
ductive industry without a place for it. A visit to the 
work rooms, comprising the shoe making, whip making, cab- 
inet making, stone cutting, blacksmithing, upholstering, and 
other departments, generally pleases the visitor, and calls 
forth encomiums for the stillness, order, and cleanliness 
observed. 

The Monument erected to the memory of John Har- 
vard is situated on the top of the hill in the old graveyard 
near the state prison, in Charlestown. It was erected by 
the subscriptions of the graduates of Harvard University. 
It is constructed of granite, in a solid shaft of fifteen feet 
elevation, and in the simplest style of ancient art. On 
the eastern face of the shaft the name of John Harvard 



164 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



is inscribed ; also on a marble tablet the following : " On 
the 26th of September, A. D. 1828, this stone was erected 
by the graduates of the university at Cambridge, in honor 
of its founder, who died at Charlestown on the 26th of 
September, 1 638." On the western side of the shaft is an 
inscription in Latin, of the following purport : "' That one 




who merits so much from our literary men should noj 
longer be wathout a monument, however humble, the| 
graduates of the University of Cambridge, New England,! 
have erected this stone, nearly two hundred years after) 
his death, in pious and perpetual remembrance of Jolin 



HARVARD MONUMENT. 165 

Harvard." At the erection of this monument, the Hon. 
Edward Everett, who is considered one of the most ac- 
complished scholars educated at Harvard College, deliv- 
ered an appropriate and eloquent address. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

WOODLAWN CEMETERY. ROCK TOWER. NETHER- 
WOOD POND. CHELSEA. 




WooDLAWN Cemetery is about 
four miles north of Boston, and two 
miles from Chelsea. An omnibus for 
Woodlawn starts from Brattle Street, 
Boston, every fair day in summer, 
(Sundays excepted,) at two o'clock, 
(167) 



1(38 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

P. M. It returns from the cemetery at five o'clock, P. M., 
and is at present connected with the Chelsea omnibus. 

The best mode of reaching Woodlawn now is to cross 
over the Chelsea Bridge or Chelsea Ferry, and after con- 
tinuing tin the main street for a quarter of a mile, to turn 
off to the left into Washington Avenue, which leads 
directly to the cemetery. 

By this route the visitor approaches the gate house by 
Woodlawn Avenue, which is a beautiful curve, rising reg- 
ularly for a distance of seventeen hundred feet, keeping a 
width of fifty feet, with sides well planted, and a jet or 
fountain at its lower extremity. 

The gate house is a fine Gothic building, fifty-six feet 
wide, with a high centre arch and two side arches. A 
lodge adjoins it, and the whole structure has been much 
admired for its dignity and grace. Near to it stands a 
rustic well house, embowered in roses and running vines. 

A few steps inside the gate bring the visitor to a small 
triangle, where the avenues diverge. Here stands the St. 
Bernard dog, the emblem of fidelity and affection, and by 
his side is the wonderful Ginko tree, the form and leaf of 
which demand notice. 

On the right, towards the hill, is now seen the Rock 
Tower, of which a view is presented on the following page. 
This tower is constructed of rude boulders, with a spiral 
walk ascending easily to the top. Its base is seventy- 



WOODLAWN CEMETERY 



16a 



eight feet in diameter, and its altitude about thirty feet. 
From its summit are seen Lynn, Saugus, Nahant, the sea, 
bay, and other objects of interest. When covered "vvith 
lichens, mosses, ferns, woodbines, and ivy, this ponderous 




pile will be exceedingly attractive. Eventually it is to 
eerve as the base for a high observatory of iron. 

On the left of Entrance Avenue starts off the beautiful 
Netherwood Avenue, through which every one should 
pass, either entering or returning. Near its junction with 
Forest Glade Avenue, a few feet from the triangle, turn- 
ing to the right, are seen the receiving tombs, remarkable 
15 



170 SUBLllliAN SIGHTS. 

for their neatness and repose. Passing on towards the 
north, the long vista of Woodside Avenue will appear ; 
and passing through this elegant way, the approach to 
Chapel Hill is marked by a beautiful rustic arch, covered 
with wild grape vines, and surmounted by a cross bearing 
on one side the inscription, " I am the true vine," and on 
the other, " Abide in me." 

In this vicinity are many beautiful lots and monuments ; 
and near the junction of Floral and Chapel Avenues 
another specimen of the Ginko tree is seen. 

Near the entrance to Chapel Hill is the lot of John M. 
Brown, and many others in good taste, which we have not 
room to specify. I 

But one of the most delightful scenes any where to be 
found is Netherwood Pond, with its fine fountains and 
beautiful arbor, and the tall trees and gentle slopes which 
surround it. The views from Elm Hill, also, are fine. 

This cemetery will furnish some of the finest drives in 
the vicinity of Boston, and is destined to occupy a high 
place among the rural Jixeautifis of the country. 

Chelsea is one of the pleasantest of our suburban 
towns, the streets being broad, anqi bordered with shade 
trees, well lighted by gas, and Hned with tasteful resi- 
dences. Among the public buildings in tlae town are the 
Naval Hospital and the Uj^^itep Stat^3 MaR^nb 
Hospital. The latter, now in the course of constructipa, 



CHELSEA. 171 

will be a noble and substantial building, affording that ac- 
commodation to patients which the present hospital estab- 
lishment is inadequate to supply. The Town House is a fine 
large building of brick. The surface of Chelsea is quite 
undulating, rising in pai'ts to a considerable elevation. 
The most considerable of these eminences is Powder Horn 
Hill, about two miles from the ferry, from the summit of 
which magnificent views may be obtained of Boston, 
Charlestown, Bunker Hill, Medford, Lynn, Nahant, and 
Boston Harbor. Mount Bellingham is a lofty hill, com- 
manding an extensive prospect, and is ah-eady neai'ly cov- 
ered with elegant private residences. The attractions of 
the place are so great that numbers of gentlemen doing 
business in Boston and elsewhere make their homes in 
Chelsea. 



CHAPTER XVIII 

CONCORD. LEXINGTON. DORCHESTER HEIGHTS. — 

PERKINS INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. 

Concord and Lexington may be easily reached from 
the Fitchburg depot, as Lexington is only eleven miles 
from Boston, and Concord six miles beyond. The vicinity 
of these historical places to Boston, and their accessibility 
by rail or country road, procure them large numbers of 
visitors during the pleasant months of the year. Boston 
and its environs abound in mementoes of the revolution- 
ary dead; Bunker Hill rises, a sanctified spot forever; 
the heights are not yet levelled which once bristled with 
Washington's cannon, and hastened the evacuation of the 
town by the British ; and here at Lexington and Concord 
is the soil that drank the very first blood of the martyrsj 
of liberty — a soil on which the first armed resistance to| 
aggression was attempted. 

Lexington is a very pretty place, and since the estal 
lishment of the branch railroad connecting it with Boston, 
many of our citizens have availed themselves of the op- 
portunity of residing in the old historic town. Its arej 

(172) 



LEXINGTON. 173 

comprises a great variety of scenery, and the soil is not 
ungrateful for the care of the husbandman. The town is 
built principally on a broad street, and in about the centre 
of it is the green on which the monument stands. It is 



.-1^^ 




built of granite, and has a marble tablet on the south iront 
of the pedestal, with the following inscription : — 

Sacred to the Liberty and the Rights of Mankind ! ! ! The Freedom 
and Independence of America — sealed and defended with the blood of 
her sons. This Monmnent is erected by the Inhabitants of Lexington, 
under the patronage and at the expense of the Commonwealth of Mas- 
sachusetts, to the memory of their Fellow-citizens, Ensign Robert Mon- 
15* 



174 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

roe, Messrs. Jonas Parker, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harrington, jun., 
Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Harrington, and John Brown, of Lexington, and 
Asahel Porter, of Wobura, who fell on this Field, the first victims of 
the Sword of British Tyranny and Oppression, on the morning of the 
ever-memorable Nineteenth of April, An. Dom. 1775. The Die was 
cast ! ! ! The blood of these Martyrs in the Cause of God and their 
Country was the Cement of the Union of these States, then Colonies, 
and gave the Spring to the Spirit, Firmness, and Resolution of their 
Fellow-citizens. They rose as one man to revenge their Brethren's 
blood, and at the point of the Sword to assert and defend their native 
Rights. They nobly dared to be Free ! ! ! The contest was long, bloody, 
and affecting. Righteous Heaven approved the Solemn Appeal ; Vic- 
tory crowned their Arms, and the Peace, Liberty, and Independence of 
the United States of America was their glorious Reward. Built in the 
year 1799. 

Concord is a pleasant little village, and lies upon the 
Concord River, one of the chief tributaries of the Merri- 
mac, near the junction of the Assabeth and Sudbury 
Rivers. Its Indian name was Musketaquid. On account 
of the peaceable manner in which it was obtained, by 
purchase, of the aborigines, in 1635, it was named Con- 
cord. At the north end of the broad street, or common, 
is the house of Colonel Daniel Shattuck, a part of which, 
built in 1774, was used as one of the depositories of stores 
when the British invasion took place. 

The Monument at Concord stands a short distance 
from the road leading into the town, upon land given for 
the purpose by Rev. Dr. Ripley. The river runs at the 



CONCORD. 



175 



foot of the mound on which it stands. It is built of 
Carlisle granite, and the following inscription is engraved 
on a marble table inserted in the eastern face of the ped- 
estal : — 




Here, 

On the 19th of April, 1775, 

was made the first forcible resistance to 

British Aggression. 

On the opposite bank stood the American 

militia, and on this spot the first of the enemy feU 

in the War of the Revolution, 

which gave Independence to these United States. 

In gratitude to God, and in the love of Freedom, 

This Monument was erected, 

A. D. 1836. 



176 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

The view is from the green shaded lane which leads 
from the highway to the monument, looking westward.^ 
The two trees, standing one upon each side, without the 
iron railing, were saplings at the time of the battle; be-- 
tween them was the entrance to the bridge. The monu- 
ment is reared upon a mound of earth, a few yai'ds from 
the left bank of the river. A little to the left, two rough, 
uninscribed stones from the field mark the graves of the 
two British soldiers who were killed and buried upon the 
spot. 

To reach South Boston from Boston we may take an 
omnibus, and be landed in a very short time at Dorchester 
Heights, which were occupied by Washington and his troops 
on the night of March 4th, 1776, and by ten o'clock two 
forts were formed, one towards the city, and the other 
towards Castle Island. Preparations were made for an 
attack by the British, and for defence by the Americans ; 
but the weather prevented the designs of the former, and 
they embarked for New York. Few visit Boston without 
a view of the spot that once bristled with bayonets, or the 
lines of the fortifications thrown up so speedily by the 
Continentals. 

Here, also, stands the Perkins Institute for the BlindA 
It is open to the public on the afternoon of the first Sat- 
urday in each month ; but in order to prevent a crowd, 
no persons are admitted without a ticket, which may be 



PERKINS INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND. 



177 



obtained gratuitously at No. 20 Bromfield Street. A lim- 
ited number of strangers, and persons particularly inter- 
ested, may be admitted any Saturday in the forenoon by 
previously applying as above for tickets. 

The pupils in the school are taught reading, writing, 
arithmetic, geography, history, natural philosophy, natural 




history, and physiology. They are carefully instructed in 
the theory and practice of vocal and instrumental music. 
Besides this they are taught some handicraft work by 
which they may earn their livehhood. In this institution, 
for the first time in the world's history, successful attempts 



178 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. ^"j 

were made to break through the double walls in which 
bUnd deaf mutes are immured, and to teach them a sys- 
tematic language for communion with their fellow-men. 
Laura Bridgman and Oliver Caswell are living refutations 
of the legal and popular maxim that those who are born 
both deaf and blind must be necessarily idiotic. They are 
pioneers in the way out into the light of knowledge, which 
may be followed by many others. 

In 1844 a supplementary institution grew out of the 
parent one, for the employment in handicraft work of such 
blind men and women as could not readily find employ- 
ment at home. This establishment has been highly suc- 
cessful. A spacious and convenient workshop has been 
built at South Boston, to which the work men and women 
repair every day, and are furnished with work, and paid 
all they can earn. 

The general course and history of the Perkins Institu- 
tion has been one of remarkable success. It has always 
been under the direction of one person. It has grown 
steadily in public favor, and is the means of extended use- 
fulness. In 1832 it was an experiment; it had but six 
pupils ; it was in debt, and was regarded as a visionary 
enterprise. In 1833 it was taken under the patronage of 
the state ; it was patronized by the wealthy, and enabled 
to obtain a permanent local habitation and a name. 

The terms of admission are as follows : the children of 



PERKINS INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND. 179 

citizens of Massachusetts not absolutely wealthy, free; 
others at the rate of one hundred and sixty dollars a year, 
which covers all expenses except for clothing. AppUcants 
must be under sixteen years of age. Adults are not 
received into the institution proper, but they can boai'd in 
the neighborhood, and be taught trades in the workshop 
gratuitously. After six months they are put upon wages. 
This department is a self-supporting one, but its success 
depends upon the sale of goods at the depot, No. 20 Brom- 
field Street. Here may be found the work of the blind 
— all warranted, and put at the lowest market prices; 
nothing being asked or expected in the way of charity. 
The institution is not rich, except in the confidence of the 
public and the patronage of the legislature 



CHAPTER XIX. 



NAHANT. 




^^_,'— vrj-ijf^^^/'I^? 



Stranger, if you would visit one of the most pleasant 
and deliglitful watering places in the world, seat yourself 
in the cars, be landed at Lynn, take passage in one of the 
stages that leave almost hourly, and when deposited in 
Nahant — take your Guide's word for it — you will bless 
your stars, and thank him. Here, isolated from the noise, 

aso) 



NAHANT. 181 

and heat, and bustle of the city, you may wander by the 
hour on the rocks, and watch the liquid chisel of the sea 
at its unwearied task upon the blue and slaty substance 
of the crags. Atom by atom they yield to the muscular 
swing of the billows, worn and polished by their frothy 
edges, — the toughest creation conquered by the softest, 
and the noise of this constant sculpture is the music of 
the world. 

The rocks are torn into such varieties of form, and the 
beaches are so hard and smooth, that all the beauty of 
wave motion and the whole gamut of ocean eloquence are 
offered here to the eye and ear. The soft swash of the 
lighter waves upon the sloping sand; the bellow of the 
breakers that are driven into the rifts and caverns where 
the sunlight never strays; the gurgle of the waters as 
they run back from out the cold chambers of darkness ; 
the dash of an irregular roller upon the rough front of 
the battlements ; the full, majestic bass of a billow that 
charges the rocks in plumed order ; the heavy thump of 
the waves upon the foundation of the rocks, waking a 
muffled moan, as from the earth's weary heart ; and all 
the splendors which the ocean offers to the eye — the 
scattering of creamy foam over the pebbly beach, and the 
dying of i^ whiteness into the gloomy bronze of the dark 
seaweed ; the sparkle of the frolicking froth in the sun ; 
the curl of the solemn rollers, and the bewitching green 
16 



182 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

of their crests, as they bend just before they tumble in 
music ; all the loveliness and majesty of the ocean are 
displayed around the jagged and savage-browed cliffs of 
Nahant. 

This narrow promontory, which runs out from Lynn 
Beach, is crowned with charming gardens, cottages, and 
villas, and rests like an emerald in its sparkling and fretted j 
framework of brilliants. While the rocks present every j 
variety of color, the cliffs are pierced by fissures, caverns, 
and grottos so numerous that the visitor stands in awe ; 
and the shell-crowned beaches of shining, silvery sand are 
so smooth and hard that they take no impress of the 
steed's hoof or the rolling wheel ; and as the mind does 
not seem capable of containing all, follow the Guide, and 
view each object separately. 

Turning to the left of Nahant Beach, over which we 
have just come, a vast fissure in the cliff, forty feet in 
depth, is seen, bearing the name of John's Peril. At 
the distance of three fourths of a mile from where we 




NAHANT. 18S 

stand, Egg Rock rises abruptly from the sea to the height 
of eighty-six feet. Its shape is oval, and on its summit 
the gulls deposit their eggs in abundance, whence it takes 
its name. Passing the Iron Mine, (a huge black ledge,) 
we reach The Spouting Horn. Here the water, after 
being driven through a rocky tunnel one hundred feet in 
length" into a deep cavern, is spouted forth in wild sheets 
of foam and spray, while the Atlantic's billows seem to 
jar the solid rocks with thundering sound, and shake the 
very crags that dare to stay their onward progress. Pass- 
ing Saunders's Ledge, we reach 



Castle Rock. The battlements, buttresses, turrets, 
and embrasures of an ancient castle are so faithfully rep- 



184 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



resented by this immense pile of rocks, that one almost 
waits for the warden's challenge or the trumpet's blast 
and expects to see the square openings (so like doors and 
windows) peopled with armed men. 

In Caldron Cliff the water boils with tremendous 
force and fury during great storms ; and in Roaring 
Cavern the sound is distinctly heard. Crossing Natu- 
ral Bridge, we may see the varying tides and jagged 
rocks full twenty feet below us, and we reach 







Pulpit Rock, a huge mass of stone nearly twenty feet 
square, and rising full thirty feet above the yeasty billows. 
The upper portion of the rock bears a striking resem- 
blance to a pile of books, with a seat opening in their 



NAHANT. 



1«0 



midst ; but the steepness of the crag renders the ascent 
very difRcuh, as the road to knowledge always has been 
found to be. 




Swallows' Cave is a passage eight feet high, ten 
wide, and seventy-two feet in length, opening into the sea. 
Formerly the swallows inhabited this cave in great num- 
bers, and built their nests in the irregularities of the rocks 
above ; but the multitude of visitors has frightened them 
away. Continuing on our way, we reach 
16* 



186 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 




Irene's Grotto, a tall arch, grotesque and beautiful, 
leading to a large room in the rock, and one of the great- 
est curiosities on Nahant. Near by is the Steamboat 
Wharf, where the trim Nelly Baker lies. It were im- 
possible to describe all objects worthy of notice; but, 
having named the most prominent, we will retire to the 
Nahant House, a sketch of which forms the vignette to 
this chapter. 

This is probably the largest hotel in America ; the car- 
peted floors cover an area of nearly four acres; nine 
miles of wire are required to connect the bells with the 
annunciator; and the M'hole of this immense establish- 
ment is lighted with gas manufactured on the premises. 
Upon the first floor are the drawing rooms, reception par- 



NAHANT. 187 

lors, offices, reading room, dining hall, and private dining* 
parlors. In the basement are smoking rooms, a children's 
dining room, bathing rooms for hot baths, an immense 
laundry, and a culinary department ample enough to pro- 
vide for an army. The whole establishment — billiard 
house, bowling alleys, shooting gallery, stables, yachts, 
&c. — has been completed under the immediate supervis- 
ion of Colonel Paran Stevens, of the Revere and Tre- 
mont Houses, associated with Mr. James E. P. Stevens, 
who have furnished it thix)ughout with a liberal eye to 
genuine comfort, and with every convenience and elegance 
that experience can suggest or that money can purchase. 

A line of telegraph has been constructed for the accom- 
modation of guests, and arrangements are made to place 
all items of news upon the hotel bulletin, in advance even 
of appearing in the Boston papers. 

Sailing parties and chowder picnics are furnished with 
first class yachts, thoroughly manned ; and haddock, cod- 
fish, mackerel, tautog, and halibut are caught in abundance 
within a short distance of the shore ; and when, tired with 
the day's sport, we return, sweet music from the Germania 
Band soon drives dull care away, or we may seek enjoy- 
ment in the concerts, hops, and theatricals that follow 
each other in gay succession. 

Although retired from the bustle of the world, steam so 
annihilates distance that parties can leave New York or 
Saratoga after breakfast and sup at Nahant. 



188 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

We cannot better finish our description of this match- 
less watering place than by the following, from the pen of 
Alonzo Lewis, of Lynn, a gentleman well known to the 
literary world. 

" The temperature of Nahant, being moderated by sea 
breezes, so as to be cooler in summer and milder in winter 
than the main land, is regarded as being highly conducive 
to health. It is delightful in summer to ramble round 
this romantic peninsula, and to examine at leisure its in- 
teresting curiosities — to hear the waves rippling the col- 
ored pebbles of the beaches, and see them gliding over 
the projecting ledges in fanciful cascades — to behold the 
plovers and sandpipers running along the beaches, the 
seal slumbering upon the outer rocks, the white gulls soar- 
ing overhead, the porpoises pursuing their rude gambols 
along the shore, and the curlew, the loon, the black duck, 
and the coot, the brant, with his dappled neck, and the 
oldwife, with her strange, wild, vocal melody, swimming 
gracefully in the coves, and rising and sinking with the 
swell of the tide. The moonlight evenings here are ex- 
ceedingly lovely ; and the phosphoric radiance of the bil- 
lows, on favorable nights, (making the waters look like a 
sea of fire,) exhibits a scene of wonderful beauty. 

" But, however delightful Nahant may appear in sum- 
mer, it is surpassed by the gi-andeur and sublimity of a 
winter storm. When the strong east wind has swept over 
the Atlantic for several days, and the billows, wrought up 



NAHANT. 189 

to fury, are foaming along like living mountains — break- 
ing upon the precipitous cliffs — dashing into the rough 
gorges — thundering in the subterranean caverns of rocks, 
and throwing the white foam and spray, like vast columns 
of smoke, hundreds of feet in the air, above the tallest 
cliffs-^ an appearance is presented which the wildest 
imagination cannot surpass. Then the ocean — checked 
in its headlong career by a simple bar of sand — as if 
mad with its detention, roars like protracted thunder ; and 
the wild sea birds, borne along by the furious waters, are 
dashed to death against the cliffs. Standing at such an 
hour upon the rocks, I have seen the waves bend bars of 
iron an inch in diameter double, float rocks of granite six- 
teen feet in length, as if they were timbers of wood, and 
the wind, seizing the white gull in its irresistible embrace, 
bear her, shrieking, many miles into Lynn woods. In 
summer a day at Nahant is delightful ; and a storm in 
winter is glorious, but terrible." 



^. 






CHAPTER XX 

BOSTON HARBOR. ISLANDS. FARM SCHOOL. ALMS- 
HOUSE. FORT INDEPENDENCE. FORT WINTHROP. 




The readiest way of regaining the city is to take pas- 
sage on board that trim little steamer, the " Nelly Baker." 
The trip occupies only about forty minutes, and is one of 

(190) 



ISLANDS IN BOSTON HAKBOR. FARM SCHOOL. 191 

the most delightful that can be imagined. Shooting off 
from the rocky peninsula, and leaving behind Nahant, 
with its enchanting associations, we have time, as the little 
steamer goes puffing along, to see the Islands in Boston 
Harbor ; and if there are natural beauties, romantic ele- 
vations, or silent and wild retreats m the vicinity of Bos- 
ton, they are in the harbor. These islands are gradually 
wearing away ; and where large herds of cattle once fed, 
the ocean now rolls its angry billows, and lashes with an 
overwhelming surge the last remains of earth. 

We can see the Lower Lights or, farther off, the smoke 
rising from Hull, Nearer by, George's Island, with com- 
manding Fort Warren upon it, ready to annihilate any 
intruder ; (this island is the key to the harbor, conmaand- 
ing the open sea, and rising in some places nearly fifty 
feet above high w^ater mark ;) and the rocks of Nix's 3fate 
may be seen, w^here tradition says a captain was murdered 
by his mate, and buried. The Lighthouse and the splen- 
did hotel, large and accommodating, in the form of a 
Greek cross, and with Colonel Mitchell as one of its pro- 
prietors, (whose benevolent and gentlemanly countenance 
smiles a welcome to all,) show plainly on Long Island. 
In the rear is Eainsford Island and the Quarantine 
Ground. Not far off are Spectacle and Thompson's 
Islands. On the latter is situated the Farm School. 
The objects of the institution are, to rescue from the ills 



192 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

and the temptations of poverty and neglect those whc 
have been left without a parent's care ; to reclaim froi 
moral exposure those who are treading the paths of dan- 
ger; and to offer to those whose only training would 
otherwise have been in the walks of vice, if not of crime, 
the greatest blessing which K^ew England can bestow upon 
her most favored sons. The occupations and employments 
of the boys vary with the season. In spring, summer, 
and autumn, the larger boys work upon the garden and 
farm. The younger boys have small gardens of their own, 
which afford them recreation when released from school. 
In the winter season most of them attend school, where 
they are instructed in the learning usually taught in our 
common schools, and some of them are employed in 
making and mending clothes and shoes for the institution. ^ 
The winter evenings are occupied with the study of geog- 
raphy and the use of globes, botany and practical agri- 
culture, lecturing on different subjects, singing, and reading. 
Every boy in the institution is required to be present 
during the evening exercises, if he is able. At the age 
of twenty-one each boy is entitled to a suit of clothes, and 
if apprenticed to a farmer, to one hundred dollars, in money 
in addition. The boys are all comfortably clad with wool- 
len clothes, shoes, stockings, and caps, and appear to be 
as happy in their present situation as boys generally are 
under the paternal roof. They are well supplied with 



ALMSHOUSE. 



193 



books, and required to keep them in order, their library 
containing about four hundred vohimes of well-telected 
books. Opportunities are occasionally offered to the 
friends of boys at the institution of visiting tliem on the 
island in the summer months. 

On the long promontory in the rear is Squantum, the 
very name of which is sufficient to conjure up ideas of 
chowders, fishing parties, &c. 

"We shoot past Deer Island, on which stands the Alms- 
house. The form of this structure is that of a " Latin 
cross," having its four wdngs radiating at right angles from 
a " central building." The central building is four stories 
high ; the lower story (on a uniform level with the cellars 
or work rooms of the north, east, and west wings) contains 
the bathing rooms, cleansing rooms, furnace, and fuel 
rooms; the two next stories contain the general guard 
room, to be used also as a work room ; the next story is 
the chapel; and the upper story is the hospital. The 
south wing is four stories high ; the lower one contains the 
family kitchens and entry of the superintendent's family ; 
the second is appropriated for the family parlors of the 
superintendent, and a room for the use of the directors, 
together with the entrances and staircases, and the opening 
I Dr carriage way for receiving the paupers. The staircases 
communicating with the guard room, and with the cleansr 
ng rooms in the lower story of the central building, are 
17 



194 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

also located in this story. The two remaining stories 
are used for the family sleeping rooms, superintendent's 
office, officers' rooms, and bathing rooms, together with the 
entries, passages, closets, and staircases. Each of the 
north, east, and west wings is three stories high, with base- 
ments and attics over the whole surface of each wing. 
The basements are for work rooms. The remaining 
stories, including the attics, contain the wards, hospitals, 
and day rooms for the inmates, together with the sleeping 
and inspection rooms for the nurses and attendants. 
There is a chapel, with a gallery, occupying seventy-five 
by seventy -five feet, on the third floor of the central build- 
ing, equal in height to two stories. The floor of the 
chapel is on a level with the attic floors of the wings. It 
is well lighted, in a central position, of convenient access j 
from all parts of the estabhshment, and is commodious i 
enough for those who are able to attend religious wor- j 
ship, out of even a larger population than twelve hundred. 

The paupers, as they arrive, are received at a central 
point, under the eye of the superintendent, in his office, as 
they approach ; thoroughly cleaned, if necessary, in the 
basement central apartments for cleansing; and distrib- 
uted, when prepared for distribution, to those parts of the 
building assigned to the classes to which they belong. 

As the channel narrows, we pass between Castle and 
Winthrop Islands, On the former stands Fort Indt- 



FORT INDEPENDENCE. 195 

PENDENCE. The following is the quaint description of 
the Castle as it was first built : " The Castle is built on the 
North-East of the Island, upon a rising hill, very advan- 
tageous to make many shots at such ships as shall offer to 
enter the Harbor, without theu' good leave and liking; 
the Commander of it is one Captain Davenport, a man 
approved for his faithfulness, courage, and skill, the Mas- 
ter Canoneer is an active Ingineer ; also this Castle hath 
cost about four thousand pounds, yet are not this poor pil- 
grim people weary of maintaining it in good repair ; it is 
of very good use to awe any insolent persons, that putting 
confidence in their ships and sails, shall offer any injury to 
the people, or contemn their Government ; and they have 
certain signals of alarums, which suddenly spread through 
the whole country." By these alarums is meant the can- 
non and beacon light upon the great natural pinnacle of 
Beacon Hill. 

It was afterwards rebuilt with pine trees and earth. In 
a short time this also became useless, and a small castle 
was built, with brick walls, and had three rooms in it ; a 
dwelling room, a lodging room over it, and a gun room 
over that. The erection of this castle gave rise to the 
present name of the island. At one time there was like- 
wise a strong building erected on the island for the recep- 
tion of convicts whose crimes deserved the gallows, but 
by the lenity of the government had their punishment 



196 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



changed. Here abode the celebrated Stephen Burroughs. 
This island belongs to the United States, by which Fort] 
Independence has been erected on the castle vuihs. 




I 



On the west side of the wall a tombstone stands, beneath { 
which sleeps the good old Edward Pursley, whose spirit, j 




FORT WINTHROP. lij? 

we trust, has spent nearly a century in heaven. There is 
likewise an ancient slab, small, of red sandstone, bearino- 
the name of Nathaniel Ely, but no date, and, stranger to 
relate, no epitaph ! But turning the western flank of a 
battery that fronts on the channel towards the city, we be- 
hold a different monument, each of whose four faces bears 
an inscription. Here, the name — an officer of U. S. 
Light Artillery ; there, that the stone is erected by the 
officers of his regiment; on the third side, that he fell 
near the spot ; and on the fourth, the distich from Collins's 
beautiful ode : — 

" Here Honor comes, a pilgrim gray, 
To deck the turf that wraps his clay." 

Here we may observe the wonderful beauty of the har- 
bor, with its cities on land, and its steeple-pointed ship- 
ping, in the midst of which sit so lovely the flocks of 
graceful and motionless islands. 

Governor's Island lies about one mile north of Castle 
Island, and was first called Con ant's Island. It was de- 
mised to Governor Winthrop in 1632, and for many years 
after was called the Governor's Garden. Here the United 
States government is building a fortress called Fort Win- 
throp. Its situation is very commanding, and in some 
respects superior to Castle L- land. 

It is a pleasing occupation, as we glide along, to watch 
17* 



198 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. ^^ 

the outward-bound vessels, their canvas first becoming 
dim as they tend towards the distant horizon, and finally- 
blotted out in the misty obscurity of the sea distance. 
The imagination loves to follow them in their flight, and 
picture their adventures on that vast watery expanse 
whose daily history is full of marvel, and whose dark 
depths shroud mysteries never to be unfolded to mortal 
ken. 

Few visitors, after landing at Liverpool Wharf, (once, 
under the title of " Grifiin's Wharf," so celebrated for the 
waste of English tea that occurred there,) do not cherish 
the most pleasing reminiscences of their visit to Nahant 
and sail up Boston Harbor. 




CHAPTER XXI. 

BLACKSTONE SQUARE. FRANKLIN SQUARE. WILLIAMS 

MARKET. FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 

Forest Hills Cemetery is situated between Norfolk 
and Bristol Turnpike, Walk Hill, Canterbury, and Scar- 
borough Streets, in Roxhiiry. It may be reached from 
the Providence Depot, or by omnibus ; but it will be found 
more pleasing to go by omnibus, and return in the cars. 
As the omnibus rolls along, we can catch a hasty view 
of Williams Market, of the high stone walls of the Ceme- 
tery, and of BlacJcstone and Franklin Squares. 

The former (Blackstone Square) on the west side of 
Washington Street, beyond No. 773, containing one hun- 
dred and five thousand feet of land, and now laid out 
with young trees, is an ornament to this portion of 
the city. The fence is constructed of iron, and has a 
length of thirteen hundred feet, the cost of which was five 
thousand dollars. Of this sum, two thousand dollars were 
contributed by the property holders or residents around 

the square. 

(199) 



200 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



i| 



Franklin Square is opposite Blackstone Square, and 
contains the same quantity of ground, and is improved in 
the same style as the former. A Cochituate fountain is 
provided in tlie centre of each square, at a cost of seven 




4 

4 



hundred and fifty dollars each, exclusive of the pipe and 
vase. 

A liasty glance is all we catch of fine dwellings and 
beautiful gardens, as we pass rapidly through Roxbury. 
But at length we arrive at the Cemetery, the description 
of which (by permission of Mr. Crafts) we are allowed to 
borro^v from '* The Guide to Forest Hills," of which he is 
the aiitlior. 



FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 201. 

The approaches to Forest Hills from all sides are 
through pleasant and quiet roads, by well-cultivated lands, 
delightful rural residences, or by the wilder beauties of 
unadorned nature. In the season of verdure and flowers, 
few more agreeable drives can be found in the vicinity of 
Boston than through the streets and avenues that lead to 
the cemetery. There are beautiful vicAvs in every direc- 
tion from the elevated grounds, and in the valleys or the 
woods many a nook may be observed where cottages may 
nestle, while all around are springing up elegant villas, 
and pleasant grounds mark the progi'ess of taste and 
refinement. But from no direction is the cemetery notice- 
able at any distance, except perhaps on the south-eastern 
side. It is shut out from the world, a calm retreat, though 
near the rapid tide of life. 

The main entrance to the cemetery is reached from the 

highway, Scarborough Street, by a broad avenue, which 

curves up a gentle ascent, till it reaches the gateway. As 

it approaches the gateway, this avenue is divided by a 

group of trees, but unites again directly in front of the 

entrance. The gateway at this entrance is of somewhat 

imposing dimensions, the whole structure having a front 

of one hundred and sixty feet. The carriage way is 

f through an Egyptian portico, copied from an ancient por- 

f tico at Garsery, on the Upper Nile. On each side, a lit- 

f tie removed, are smaller gates for pedestrians, and near 



FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 203 

these are small lodges corresponding with the gateway in 
style. 

Upon the outer architrave of the gateway are inscribed, 
in golden letters, the words, — 

" THOUGH I WALK THROUGH THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH 

I WILL FEAR KO EVIL.'" 

m 

On the interior architrave, m the same kind of letters, are 
the words, — 

"I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE." 

Consecrated June 28, 18-18. 

The gateway and lodges are built of wood, painted and 
sanded in imitation of Jersey sandstone. 

There are other entrances on the southern and eastern 
sides of the cemetery. On the southern side the cemetery 
grounds do not extend to any public street, but an avenue 
thirty-three feet wide is laid out from Walk Hill Street to 
the boundary of the cemetery, v.diere there is an entrance 
through a gate supported by Egyptian jDiers. This avenue 
is shaded on each side by thickly-growing evergreens, and 
from it the visitor enters at once upon one of the most 
beautiful parts of the cemetery. 

From the main entrance three avenues diverge towards 
different parts of the cemetery, that on the right, however, 
being designed to open into lands which have not yet been 



204 



SUBUKBAN SIGHTS. 



added to the grounds. Chestnut Avenue, which leads to 
the left, jDasses over a gentle elevation, and thence through 
the vale of Lake Dell towards Consecration Hill. On the 
right hand of this avenue, before reaching Lake Dell, 




rises a rocky eminence, called Snoiojlake Cliff, from a 
beautiful wild plant which grows at its base. From the 
summit of this rock there is a beautiful view of the village 



FOREST HILLS CEMKTEKY. 205 

of Jamaica Plain, and of the wooded hills of Brookline 
and the country beyond. 

Lake Dell is a natural pool, thickly overshadowed by 
trees which grow from its banks. On either side an ave- 
nue is laid out, and from these the wooded hills rise, en- 
closing a most quiet and beautiful dell, suggesting the 
name of the pond. 

From the eastern end of Lake Dell, Magnolia Avenue 
leads to the summit of Consecration Hill, which rises in 
an angle of the cemetery, and touches its northern and 
eastern boundaries. As its name indicates, the consecra- 
tion services were performed here, at the foot of its south- 
ern slope, while the audience which was gathered there on 
that day were ranged upon the hill side. Consecration 
Hill is one of the highest of the Forest Hills, and from 
its sumniit is a beautiful prospect. Through the vistas of 
the trees there are charming views of the Blue Hills and 
the intervening valley, and in other directions of hills and 
plains, of farm houses, villas, and cottages, with here and 
there a church spire rising above the distant woods. 

Following Rock Maple Avenue, the visitor is led from 
the eastern end of Lake Dell around the base of Mount 
Warren, which rises on the right, for the most part regu- 
larly but steeply, with here and there large boulders pro- 
truding above the surface. The side of Mount Warren is 
clothed with a thick growth of wood, and this avenue, in 
18 



206 



SUBURBAN sight;?. 



the afternoon especially, lies in deep shadow under the 
foliage. Curving around the foot of the hill, it is a pleas- 
ant approach to some of the more attractive spots in the 




cemetery, and leads directly to the pleasant dell at the foot 
of Mount Dearborn and Fountain Hill. In this dell there 
is a little nook, which seems almost a grotto under the 



FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 207 

overhanging foliage of trees and shrubs that gi-ow on the 
precipitous sides of Fountain HiU. The deep shadows 
seem to spread a refreshing coohiess around, and invite 
one to rest on the garden seats, which are disposed on one 
side, while on the other is a rustic fountain — a natural 
spring, over which is erected a covering of rough stones. 
The stones are clothed with lichens, and in the interstices 
are planted moss, brakes, and other wild plants, the whole 
forming a pretty rustic monument. On the upper stone is 
fixed a bronze plate bearing the following words : — 

" WHOSOEVER DllINKETH OF THIS WATER WILL THIRST AGAIN : RUT 

THE WATER THAT I SHALL GIVE WILL BE IN HIM A WELL OF 

WATER SPRINGING UP INTO EVERLASTING LIFE." 

From this vicinity two avenues lead up, through natural 
depressions, to the higher plain of the cemetery, one on 
each side of IMount Dearborn. The eastern side of this 
hill is very rough and precipitous, huge boulders being 
piled one above another, in fantastic shapes, clothed with 
shrubbery which grows in the fissures of the stones, and 
shaded by trees which have found root beneath them. 

From the Fountain Dell a steep path leads up the 
southern side of Mount Dearborn, and then up its more 
gentle western slope to the top. As seen from the plain 
on the west of the hill, it appears to be only a slight ele- 
vation, but it rises to a considerable height above the low 



208 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



land on the opposite side. On the summit is the monu- 
ment erected by his friends and fellow-citizens as a tribute 
to the memory of General Dearborn. The prospect from 




this hill is not very extensive, but glimpses may be had of 
some of the most finished and beautiful portions of the 
cemetery. 



FOBEST HILLS CEMETERY. 209 

From the dell which divides Mount Dearborn from 
Mount Warren an avenue leads, by a somewhat steep 
ascent, to the top of the latter, which is, in fact, rather 
table land than a hill. The prospect from Mount AVarren 
is more limited than that from some of the other hills, 
owing to the growth of the trees which skirt its sides. 
But here and there, through the trees, a distant picture 
of rural scenery may be seen, or a nearer one of some 
beautiful spot in the cemetery, with the marble monuments 
gleaming among the foliage and flowers. 

The burial lot of the Warren family is on the summit 
of Mount Warren. The a:^hes of General Warren, with 
others of the family, have recently been taken from their 
original resting place, deposited in uru<, and reinterred in 
this lot ; so tliat these grounds are in fact the shrine Avhich 
contains his sacred remains. 

The Eliot Plills, which take their name from the apostle 
Eliot, are four eminences in the south-western part of the 
cemetery ; or, more correctly, there is but one hill, having 
several small ridges or undulations near its summit. The 
summit of this hill is of solid rock. Here it is proposed 
to erect a monument to commemorate the virtues and 
labors of the devoted Eliot, who for nearly sixty years 
was the pastor of the First Church in Roxbury, who, 
with so much of self-sacrifice and untiring energy, sought 
18* 



210 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

to civilize and Christianize the savage, and who so truly 
earned the noble title of " Apostle to the Indians." 

On the south of Mount Dearborn is another elevation 
of about the same height, which is called Fountain Hill, 
from the spring at its base, before alluded to. On the 
side of the Fountain Dell this hill is very precipitous, and 
thickly covered with trees and underwood. The eastern 
and south-easter» slopes are quite steep, but much less 
rugged and precipitous. Down its sides paths lead to 
Fountain Dell and towards Lake Hibiscus, which can be 
seen gleaming through the foliage. Towards the south a 
path of more gentle descent, overlooking the lake, leads 
down to the grounds in the vicinity of the Field of Mach- 
pelah. For a portion of the distance, the outer side of 
this path is supported by a rough wall, through which 
arbor vitae and other trees have been made to grow, the 
roots being planted below the wall. These trees, when 
they shall attain a larger growth, will add much to the 
picturesque beauty of this hill side. 

Into this portion of the cemetery the southern entrance 
opens, and in the vicinity of the gateway the pine grove 
retains more of its original solemn beauty. Do\yn the 
avenue which leads from this gateway to Walk Hill Street, 
with its thick evergreens, is a view through the long vista 
which is sure to attract the eye. 

Cypress Hill, which is the first elevation on the open 



I 



FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 211 

portion of the cemetery, immediately overlooks the quiet 
plain of " Canterbury," and a portion of the neighboring 
cemetery of Mount Hope. On the opposite side there 
are views of different portions of the cemetery grounds. 
There are but few trees on this hill, except those recently 
planted ; but there is a quiet charm about the spot, even 
in its openness and want of shade, so favorable for the 
distant prospect, that makes it one of the attractive local- 
ities of the cemetery. East of Cypress Hill extend the 
open grounds, presenting an undulating surface — gentle 
swells of land, which gradually descend to the fertile 
plain near the eastern boundary. 

Lake Hibiscus, already an attractive feature, promises 
to be one of the chief beauties of Forest Hills. It lies a 
short distance east of Fountain Hill, and is approached by 
avenues from different parts of the cemetery. In it two 
islands have been formed, one of which contains a copious 
and never-failing spring of crystal water, which gushes up 
through the pebbly bottom of a little basin. About the 
island birches are planted, and willows are trained across 
the rustic bridge by which it is reached. This island is a 
favorite resort for visitors, who gather here to watch the 
graceful swans and the snowy ducks, as they sail about 
their domain. The beautiful swans, especially, are ahvays 
objects of interest, and are quite ready to meet their vis- 
itors, and receive food from their hands. From them the 



212 



SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 



other island, which is larger than that containing the spring, 
takes its name, and to their use it is to be appropriated. 

The numerous boulders which are scattered over some 
parts of the cemetery have not only added to the pictu- 




resque character of its scenery, but have afforded an op- 
portunity for rustic ornament in laying out the grounds. 



FOREST HILLS CEMETERY. 213 

Some of the most striking and picturesque rocks have 
been suffered to remain in their natural state, the labor 
of art going only so- far as more clearly to develop their 
beauty, and to adorn the grounds around. One of the 
most picturesque groups of these rocks is on the lot of 
General William H. Sumner, called Sumner Hill, on the 
western slope of Mount Warren. They have not suffered 
by the hand of art, and the lot is one of the most beauti- 
ful and appropriate in the whole cemetery. 

The number of monuments at Forest Hills, compared 
with the number of lots Avhich have been taken, is small. 
In this respect it presents a contrast with Mount Auburn, 
when that cemetery was in the early period of its exist- 
ence. There, monuments w^ere erected on a large propor- 
tion of the lots first taken ; in many cases before the lots 
were enclosed, and before interments had been made in 
them. At Forest Hills, from the first, the erection of 
monuments seems to have been the exception rather than 
the rule. A large number of the lots are enclosed, and 
the name of the proprietor is borne upon the gate, with- 
out any monumental structure or stone. Even where 
interments have been made, the grave is in many cases 
adorned with flowers, or is marked by a simple slab or 
scroll, but has no more ostentatious stone to bear the in- 
scriptions wliich sorrow sometimes places over the beloved 
and the good. It is a simpler custom, perhaps less attrac- 



214 SUBURBAN SIGHTS. 

tive to the eye of some observers, but quite as impressive 
to the heart of him 

** who wanders through these solitudes 



In mood contemplative." ^H 

Such is a brief outline of some of the scenery and 
beauties of Forest Hills, designed to lead the reader to 
those places where the beauties may be seen, rather than 
to describe them. The eye of taste will find much to ob- 
serve that has not here been mentioned, and in nearly all 
parts of the cemetery objects and views which will attract 
and delight. Time, too, must create much that will add 
to the attractions of the place. But, even now, it needs 
only a visit to see and to feel that Forest Hills, in their 
natural and artificial beauty and fitness, are not surpassed 
by any other rural or garden cemetery. 



AD DENDA. 



The rates of fare in the city of Boston, to be taken by 
or paid to the owner or driver of any licensed carriage, are 
as follows : — 

For carrying a passenger from one place to another, 
within the city proper, thirty and thirty-seven cents. 

For children between three and twelve years of age, 
if more tnan one, or if accompanied by an adult, half 
price only is charged for each child ; and for children 
under three years of age, when accompanied by their 
parents, or any adult, no charge is made. Every driver 
or owner of any licensed carriage is obliged to carry with 
each passenger one trunk, and a valise, saddle bag, carpet 
bag, portmanteau, box, bundle, basket, or other article 
used in travelling, if he be requested so to do, without 
charge or compensation therefor ; but for every trunk or 
other such article as above named, more than two, he is 
entitled to demand and receive the sum of five cents. 

(215) 



216 ADDENDA. 



DISTANCES IN BOSTON FROM THE EXCHANGE, IN 
STATE STREET. 

To the Providence Depot, three quarters of a mile ; the 
Worcester and Old Colony Depots, two thirds of a mile ; 
the Boston and Maine Depot, one third of a mile ; the 
Lowell Depot, two thirds of a mile ; the Eastern Depot, 
half a mile ; Bunker Hill Monument and Navy Yard, 
one and a quarter miles ; Roxbury, tw o and a half miles ; 
Chelsea, two miles ; Cambridge bridge, three quarters of 
a mile ; Harvard University, three and a half miles ; I 
Mount Auburn, four and a half miles ; Fresh Pond, five ^ 
miles ; East Boston, one and one third miles ; Mount 
Washington and Dorchester Heights, South Boston, two j 
miles; House of Reformation, South Boston, two and i 
three quarters miles. i 



Steamers leave Boston — For Eastport, Calais, 
and St. Johns, N. B. The steamers Adelaide and 
Admiral leave Lincoln's Wharf. 

For Gardiner, Hallowell, Richmond, and Bath. 
The steamer Governor leaves Foster's Wharf. 



ADDENDA. 



217 



For Bangor and intermediate landings. The steamer 
Menemon Sandford leaves Foster's Wharf. 

For Bangor. Inland route, via Portland. The steamer 
Daniel Webster leaves Portland on arrival of the train 
that leaves Boston. 

For HiNGHAM- The steamer Mayflower leaves Liv- 
erpool Wharf 

For Nahant. The steamer Nelly Baker leaves 
Liverpool Wharf 

For Portland. The steamers Atlantic and For- 
est City leave Central Wharf. 



From Portland the Grand Trunk Railway 
through 



Falmouth, 
Cumberland, 
Yai'mouth, 
Yarmouth Junction, 
North Yarmouth, 
Pownnll, 
New Gloucester, 
Cobb's Bridge, 
Danville Junction, 
Hotel Road, 
Empire Road, 
10 



Mechanic Falls, 
Oxford, 
South Paris, 
North Paris, 
Bryant's Pond, 
Locke's Mill, 
Bethel, 
West Bethel, 
Gilead, 
Shelburne, 
Gorham, 



218 



ADDENDA. 



Berlin Falls, 

Milan, 

Stark, 

Northumberland, 

Stratford Hollow, 

North Stratford, 

AYenlock, 

Island Pond, 

Norton, 

Coaticook, 

Compton, 

Waterville, 

Lennoxvillf, 



Sherbrooke, 

Windsor, 

Richmond, 

Durham, 

Acton, 

Upton, 

Britannia Mills, 

St. Hyacinthe, 

Soixante, 

St. Hilaire, 

Boucherville Mountain, 

Charons, 

Montreal. 



From Kichmond the road running to Quebec passes 



through 



Richmond, 

Danville, 

Warwick, 

Arthabaska, 

Stanfold, 

Somenset, 



Becancour, 

Methott's MilU 

Black River, 

Craig's Road, 

Chaudiere, 

Point Levi, South Quebec. 



J 



ADDENDA. 



219 



The Eastern Railkoad, after leaving its depot in 
Causeway Street, foot of Friend and Canal Streets, passes 
through 



Somerville, 

South Maiden, 

Chelsea, 

North Chelsea, 

Lynn, 

Swampscot, 

Salem, 

Beverly, 

Wenham, 

Ipswich, 



Rowley, 

Salisbury, 

Newburyport, 

Seabrook, 

Hampton, 

Hampton Falls, 

North Hampton, 

Greenland, 

Portsmouth. 



The FiTCHBURG Railroad, after leaving the depot in 
Causeway Street, passes through 



Somerville, 

Porter's, 

Wellington Hill, 

Waverley, 

Waltham, 

Stony Brook, 

Weston, 

Lincoln, 

Concord, 



South Acton, 

West Acton, 

Littleton, 

Groton Junction, 

Shirley, 

Lunenburg, 

Leominster, 

Fitchburg. 



220 



ADDENDA. 



The Boston and Maine Railroad, after leaving 
Haymarket Square, passes through 



Somerville, 

Edgeworth, 

Maiden, 

Wyoming, 

Melrose, 

Stoneham, 

Greenwood, 

South Reading, 

Reading, 

"Wilmington, 

Wilmington Junction, 

Ballard^^e, 

Andover, 

Lawrence, 

North Andover, 

Bradford, 

Haverhill, 



Atkinson, 

Plaistow, 

Newton, 

East Kingston, 

Exeter, 

South Newmarket, 

P. and C. Junction, 

Newmarket, 

Durham, 

Madbury, 

Dover, 

RoUinsford, 

Great Falls, 

Salmon Falls, 

South Berwick, 

Portland. 



The Boston and Lowell Railroad, leaving its 
depot in Lowell Street, passes through 



East Cambridge, 
Milk Row, Somerville, 



Somerville Centre, 
Willow Bridge, 



ADDENDA. 



221 



Branch 
Koad,. 



Medford Steps, 

West Medford 

Symmes's Bridge, 

Winchester, 
Richardson's 
Horn Pond, 
Woburn Centre, 

East Woburn, 



Woburn AVatering Place, 
North Woburn, 
Wilmington, 

Billerica and Tewksbury, 
Billerica Mills, 
Bleachery, Lowell, 
Middlesex Street, Lowell, 
Lowell. 



The Old Colony and Fall River Railroad, 
leaving its depot in Kneeland Street, passes through 



Savin Hill, 

Harrison Square, 

Neponset, 

North Quincy, 

Quincy, 

Braintree, 

South Braintree, 

Randolph, 

North Bridgewater, 



West Bridgewater, 

Bridgewater, 

Middleboro', 

Myrick's, 

Fall River, 

South Abington, 

East Bridgewater, 

Kingston, 

Plymouth. 



Train leaves Myrick*s for Fall River on arrival of the 
train from New Bedford. 

Dorchester and Milton Branch trains leave Bos- 
ton for Granite Bridge, Milton Lower and Upper Mills. 
19* 



222 



ADDENDA. 



I 



The Boston and Worcester Railroad, leaving 

its depot in Kneeland Street, passes through 



Cambridge Crossing, 

Brighton, 

Newton Corner, 

Newtonville, 

West Newton, 

Auburndale, 

Newton Lower Falls, 

Grantville, 

West Needhara, 

Natick, 

Saxonville, (Branch,) 

Franiingham, 



East Holliston, 

HoUiston, 

Metcalf*s, 

Bragg's, 

Milford, 

Ashland, 

Southboro', 

Westboro*, 

Grafton, 

Millbury, 

Worcester. 



I 

4 



NORWICH STEAMBOAT ROUTE FOR NEW YORK, 

Landing in New York at the pier of the New Jerset 
Railroad, making a direct through route from Boston to 
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, &c. ; con- 
necting also with the New York and Erie Railroap, 
for all the principal places west and south-west. 



ADDENDA. 223 

Cars leave the Boston and Worcester Railroad 
station, Albany Street, Boston, every day, at five and a 
half, P. M. 

The new, fast, and elegant steamer Commonwealth, 
Capt. J. W. "Williams, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. 

The fast and magnificent steamer Connecticut, Capt. 
William Wilcox, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. 

The boats are unrivalled, the Connecticut being one 
of the finest and fastest steamers afloat, and the Common- 
wealth the ne plus ultra of steamboat architecture. 

The cars are the easiest ever invented, each car having 
sixteen wheels, with double springs. 

The road track is the freest from dust of all the roads 
in New England. 

The convenience of the landing in New York, being at 
Pier 18 North River, the pier of the Jersey Ferry, the 
Philadelphia Railroad, the Erie Railroad, and next adja- 
cent to the pier of the Albany boats. 

The saving of " hackage " in the transfer of baggage in 
New York to those going South or West. 

The expedition of the route, arriving in time to take 
the early trains South or West. 

The conductors accompany the passengers through from 
Boston to New York, having charge of their baggage, 
whereby mistakes are avoided, or quickly rectified, should 
any occur. 



224 ADDENDA. j^ 

i| 

The conductors, being always at hand, will give their 
attention to the transfer of baggage to the Southern or 
Western lines, or procure conveyances in or from New 
York. I 

Freight taken as low as by any other line. 

Tickets, berths, and state rooms secured at the office of 
the Adams Express Company, 84 Washington Street, 
Boston. C. Pratt, Jr., Agent, 



\ 



I 



CONCLUSION 



Having rendered all the services in our power io 

patrons, we beg leave to introduce those who tender 

theirs. They comprise some of the most influential firms 

in the city ; and we cannot better finish our work than 

by transferring (with many thanks) continued labor to 

them. 

(226) 



i 



HALLET, DAVIS & CO 




4 



Warerooms 409 Wasliingtoii Street, near Boylston Market, Boston, Mass. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Grand, Parlor Grand and Square 

With Patent Snspcnsion Bridge, Composition Bearings, and Repeating Grand Action. 

I 

O^ EVERY PIANO FULLY WARRANTED..^ ! 

I 

As a proof of the superiority of our Pianos, which contain improve- I 
ments that cannot be found in those of any other make, we have j 
received TWELVE FIRST PREMIUMS within the last eight years. | 
As a further testimony see following extracts, from among the many j 
letters received : — 

After the many severe testa that I have given your instrnments, I unhesi- 
tatingly pronounce them eminently superior in action, elasticity of touch, and 
power of tone, to any I have ever used in this or the old country. Another 
striking feature in both your Grand and Square Pianos, (and where others too 
often fail,) is their remaining in tune under the heaviest and most difficult play- 
ing, not a string shattering or flatting, and the action reniainins so perfect that 
the performer is enabled, at all times, to give instantaneous effect to emphatic 
passages. I am. Gentlemen, vours, very sincerely- 

Boston, Sept. 1855. ' * ' GUSTAVE SATTER. 

Owing to the beautiful elasticity of the action of your Grand Piano-Fortes, 
(which possesses the same qualities as the action that has contributed to give 
Erard his world-wide reptitation.) T think it would be impossible for any pianist 
who played properly, to break either a string or a hammer. I certainly never 
have broken them. In conclusion, 1 beg to express to you my perfect satisfaction, 
in every i-espect, with regard to your Grand Piano-Fortes. 

Very truly yours, WM. MASON. 



ASTOR HOUSE, 



LEARY & CO. 

LEADERS AP INTRODUCERS OF EASfllONS 

FOR 

GENTLEMEN'S HATS. 



^" 





THE MANUFACTURES AND IMPORTATIONS 

OF THIS CELEBRATED HOUSE TO BE 

FOUND AT THE COUNTERS OF 

IVES & TUTHILL, 

Albion Building, Boston. 

OPPOSITE STONE CHAPEL CEMETERY. 

EVA' J-'iJ ijg 



ALBION BUILDING, 

©©Sir®!!?!* 




Ionic Gold Pen Manufactory,. 

91 Washington St., Boston. 




WHERE MAY BE FOUND A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF 

STIMPSOFS PRIZE MEDAL GOLD PENS AND PPMCTION HOLDERS, 

#oli> anb ^ilbtx Cases, |ukstanbs, ^^Inthrg ^Unbs, tC't. 

N. B. Five Medals (including one from the World's Fair at London) 
pnd Ten Diplomas have been awarded to the inventor of the loNiC 
Gold Pkxs. 



s:^.^Sl? ^"^^ft 




NEEDLEWORK TAPESTRiES 



TEACHER OF ORNAMENTAL EMBRO IDERY, 

No. 1 ADAMS ST., CHARLESTCWN". 



ENGLISH 

BIBLES. 

^ r-^ii 



IN VARIOUS BINDINGS, AT GREATLY 
REDUCED PRICES : PRINTED BY 

WILLIAM COLLINS & CO. 

LICENSED queen's PRINTERS, ETC. 

London : Paternoster Row. Glasgow : North Montrose St, 





The attention of the Trade is partic- 
ularly called to our series of Reference 
Bibles. They are printed on the finest 
paper, and the best style, and the great- 
est attention is paid to the Binding, 
while the prices are extremely mod- 
erate. 

ENGLISH ENVELOPES, 

EXTREMELY LOW. 

W. T. BARRY & CO., Agents, 

13 Nilcs Block, 33 lScIiooI Street, 

BOSTON. 

C. H. STONE. 




ui'gcflii dentists. 



•^4$ 



BosTox Dentistry. — It is a conceded point, that no 

city in the world excels Boston in the skill of its Dental 
Surgeons. The stranger who traverses the city will be 
struck with the high position they hold ; but nowhere will '. 
find this art in higher perfection, than if, arrested by a curious 
anatomical exhibition of the progress of dentition, to be seen in 
an elegant show case, at 25 Tremont Row, opposite the Boston 
Museum, he ascends to the rooms of Drs. Cummings & Flagg. 
The Doctors are always ready to give the latest improvements 
in the best style, with betterments of their own. Their mode 
of setting teeth, single or in sets, on the principle of atmos- 
pheric suction, without hooks or any dependence whatever in 
remaining teeth or stumps, is essentially their own and emi- 
nently successful. 

The power of any man to do things in the right way is always 
discovered by the public sooner or later, and accordingly the 
public has discovered Drs. Cummings & Flagg to be the first 
practical dentists of the city of dentists, and are carrying their 
work to every dinner table in Christendom. — Boston Journal. 

Another Achievement in Dentistry. Teeth Extracted loithout 
Pain. — Drs. Cummings & Flagg, 25 Tremont Street, have prac- 
tised with great success, the new discovery of extracting teeth 
without pain, by a simple local application to the gums. The 
operation is rendered perfectly harmless and free from pain. 
These enterprising gentlemen are noted for the speedy adop- 
tion of every useful improvement calculated to lessen the pain 
and increase the comfort of their numerous patrons. — Saturday 
Evening Gazette. 

Drs. Cummings & Flagg, Surgeon Dentists, 25 Tremont St., 
are professional men of the highest standing in their line. — 
Transcript. 




DRS. CUMMINGS & FLAGG, 

25 TREMONT STREET, 

(Opposite Museum,) BOSTON. 

A. CUMMINGS, M. D. G. H. P. FLAGG. 




The Subscribers would invite attention of 
their varied assortment of 

Min^ofo B\iikB, ^tmim ^hh, 

Wire Screens, Mosquito Netting, 
HOLLANDS, LINEN, PATCHES, 

Webster's Patent Mosquito Bars, &e. 

ORDERS FOR 

CHURCHES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, STOKES, HOUSES, &c., 

PAITHPULLY ATTENDED TO. 




S 



JOHN D. FOWLE & CO., 
^52 IVashington street, 

(HAYWARD BLOCK,) 

33 OS^OINT. 




glMFECTiMEH' 



86 & 87 Court Street, 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND THE BEST 

ICE CREAH, 

PLUM CAKES, FANCY CAKES, PASTRY, 

AND 

CONFECTIONEKY. 



^ 



Parties supplied, in addition to the above 
articles, with 

J Frozen Sherbet, Jelly, Blanc Mange, & Talle Ornaments | 

OP EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

At the shortest notice, and with punctuality. 



AM> 

-a. :bc:e3 :fl X o .iii- xo" 




S, H GREGORY & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTLRERS 

Invite the attention of Purchasers to their 
extensive assortment of 

Decorative and Panel Papers, 

Velvet Gold, Damask Velvet, 

Gold, Flowered, Satin, and 

Dead Finish Papers, 

SUITABLE FOR THE 

Decoration of Parlors and Drawing Rooms, library and Dining 

Rooms, Cliamljcrs and Dressing Rooms, Halls, 

Cliurclies, Public Buildings, k. 

ALSO, TO THEIR 

MANUFACTTJEED BY THEMSELVES IN THE BEST 
AND MOST TASTEFUL MANNER. 

^" Tbeir Stock embraces the lowest Priced Papers made, 
as well as the mo.st Elegant Paris Papers. 



Goods will be shown with pleasure to all, at the 

LOWEST PRICES, 

AT WHOLESALE OR RETAIL. 

iNos. 23 & 25 Court St. Boston. 



S. H. GREGORY. 



C. W. ROBIN «0N. 




GAS FIXTURES 

LAMPS. 




MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

OAS PIPES 

Put into public buildings or dwellings in town 
or country, in the best manner. 

ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS 

of Gas Work done with care, and all work 
Warranted. 

GAS STOVES, 

for heating or cooking, of the most approved 
jDatterns. 

SOLAR AND HAND LAMPS, 
for Oil or Fluid. 

and every article usually found in a Lamp 

Warehouse, for sale on the most 

satisfactory terms. 



S. A. STETSON & CO. 
350 WASHINQTON ST. 

!B®Sir®Ii3 



^ 







MAMTJFACTUKEHS OP 



Grand, Semi'Grantl, Parlor Grand, and Square 



MilMilTIS 



Kl 



Warerooms, Masonic Temple, 




The Kalliston is designed to render the Skin soft and velvety, 
thereby relievmg its glandular parts, and inducing that line action 
of the capillaries which imparts both beauty and health to the 
complexion. Besides its most prominent use for the complexion, the 
Kalliston is highly recommended 

For use after Sea Bathing; 

For allaying the pain and inflammation produced by 

Mosquito Bites, Stingos of iHsects, &c. ; 

As a Sponge Wasli, after Shaving ; for Cliapped Hands, Cliilblains, h 



JONAS WHITCOMB'S 

REMEDY FOR 

Rose Cold, Haj Fever, &c. 

This Preparation is worthy the attention of all who suffer from 
the above-named distressing complaints. The success which has 
attended its use has induced the proprietors to publish some 
account of its wonderful properties, and to offer it for the benefit 
of those thus afflicted. 

The late Jonas Whitcomb, of Boston, so well knoA\ii and so 
universally esteemed for his sterling integrity and generous dis- 
position, visited Europe a few years since for the benefit of his 
health, which was much impaired by frequent attacks of 
SPASMODIC ASTHMA. 

While in Germany, an eminent physician became interested in 
his case, and promised him relief. He followed the treatment 
ordered, and to his surprise and joy his asthma almost instantly 
disappeared. He procured the recipe which had accomplished so 
much for him, brought it with him to this countrj', and it became 
the property of the present proprietors. Within the past two 
years this remedy has been used in upwards of one thousand of 
the worst cases in Boston and its \icinity, with astonishing and 
uniform success, and it is now offered to the public with full con- 
fidence in its merits. It contains no poisonous or injmious prop- 
erties whatever ; an infant may take it with perfect safety. 

Certificates from reliable sources can be seen on application to 
the proprietors, 

l|* JOSEPH BURNETT & CO., 

TO WHOM ORDERS MAY BE ADDRESSED. 

Sold bj Druggists generally througboat tbe United States and Canadas. 



JONAS WHITCOMB'S 

REMEDY FOR 

Rose Cold, Haj Fever, &c. 

This Preparation is worthy the attention of all who suffer from 
the above-named distressing complaints. The success which has 
attended its use has induced the proprietors to publish some 
account of its wonderful properties, and to offer it for the benefit 
of those thus afflicted. 

The late Jonas Whitcomb, of Boston, so well luiown and so 
universally esteemed for his sterling integrity and generous dis- 
position, \isited Europe a few years since for the benefit of his 
health, which was much impaired by frequent attacks of 
SPASMODIC ASTHMA. 

While in Germany, an eminent physician became interested in 
his case, and promised him relief. He followed the treatment 
ordered, and to his surprise and joy his asthma almost instantly 
disappeared. He procured the recipe which had accomplished so 
much for him, brought it with him to this countr)% and it became 
the property of the present proprietors. Within the past two j 
years this remedy has been used in upwards of one thousand of j 
the worst cases in Boston and its \icinity, with astonishing and j 
uniform success, and it is now offered to the public with fuU con- 
fidence in its merits. It contains no poisonous or injurious prop- 
erties whatever ; an infant may take it with perfect safety. 

Certificates from reliable sources can be seen on application to 
the proprietors, 

JOSEPH BURNETT & CO., 

TO WHOM ORDERS MAY BE ADDRESSED. 

Sold by Dru^srists afenerallv t]iron<rbout the Fnitwl Sf3f<«( nn/l rnnn^o? 



i 



WHOLESALE AND BETAIL 

,e.GLASS ,u, 

^ ART REPOSITORY AND GALLERY. ^^ 

SOWLE & WARD, 

No. 14 SUMMER STREET, . . . BOSTON. 



PIER, WALL & MANTEL MIRRORS, 

PORTRAIT AND PICTURE FRAIVIES, 

CORNICES, BASES, INTERIOR DECORATIONS, &C. 

PAINTINGS BY AMERICAN k FOREIGN ARTISTS. 

OUK GALLERIES 

Are at all times open to visitors, with the assurance to 

purchasers that every article will be furnished at the 

most reasonable rates. Also, a large stock of 

LCX)KIXG-GLASS PLATES, MAHOGANY FRAMED 
LOOIONG-GLASSES, TOILET, AND SWINGS, 

And every description of JMouldings and Frames used by 
the Trade, at the lowest prices. 

John Sowle. Joseph Wakd. 



J. W. SMITH & CO. 
MERCHAryT TAILORS, 

AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
AND 

GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, 
DOCK SQUARE, cor. of ELM ST., 

©©air©!]* 



I 
I 



This Establishment is one of the best and most reliable in 
Boston, having always on hand a large stock of 

CLOTHS, BLACK AND FANCY DOESKINS, 
SILK AND MARSEILLES VESTINGS, 

which are made to order in the best manner and at short 
notice. Also, 

READY-TWADE €IiOTHI]¥G^ 

got up in good style, of good material, and well put together. 
Always adhering to the 

LOW PKICE CASH SYSTEM. 




SAMUEL T. CROSBY, 

60 ilJ^3l]ii]gtoi] (3 ^oot§ ^o\\i\} of GoiirtjSt. Senior), 

DEALER IN 

Jirtitte 0f ®0li m^ Siltet ani futious Stones, 



S. T. C. has constantly on hand a large and well-aKsorted stock of 

GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES, 

Made by the best 5Ianufacturers. 

SILVER PLATE, 

Comprising Tea Sets, Pitchers, Waiters & Goblets, 
Silver Knives, Forks, Ladles, Spoons, &c. 

ARTICIiES OP GOIiD 

In every conceivable form, among which may be found Medium Quality and 
Extra Fine 

GOLD CHAINS, BROOCHES, EAR RINGS^ FIINGER RINGS, &C. 
PRECIOUS STONES 

In plain and elaborate Settings, some very superior and costly ; also, 

Consbling oi Cea ^cU. ^eltlejf, Comnwintoii ^erbice, ^c. 
All of whifh arft offered at most Satisfaftory Prices. 




C^e l^iidor Sefoiiig llTadjine. 

1 ■«» I ■ — — 

This new and beautiful machine, designed for every variety of FamiUj 
Sewing and Tailors' Work, forms each stitch the same as sewing by hand. 

The superiority of this machine over every other is at once apparent 
from the fact that it actually sews, making, with matchless precision, 
the real "life-like " hand stitch in all its changes — running, hemming, 
over and over, back, half and quarter back, and side stitching, enabling 
a person to adapt the stitch to the work or fabric as desired. Every part 
is perfectly simple and easily understood ; no underthread to spool and 
continually take care of, as on other machines ; no peculiar mode of 
threading the needles ; no rewinding spools, but using a single thread, 
and the needles threading themselves, it at once becomes the lady's 
ready seamstress at will, and the tailor's substitute for a dozen hands. 
With the turn of a single screw, each different stitch is obtained, in 
which a person Avith the directions sent soon becomes expert. No draw- 
ing, knotting, looping, chaining, tamboring, skipping, sipping, or un- 
ravelling, ])ut real ladies' sewing. Every machine is warranted perfect, 
and finished up in a variety of elegant styles, truly making an orna- 
mental seamstress. Manufactured only by 

HO\VARD & DAVIS, 

EXHIBITION AND SALESROOM 202 WASHINGTON STREET, mW. 
R. A. JOHNSON, Proprietor. 



n 



^sgaiSs 



T II E 




CELEBRATED 

FAIRBANKS 

SCALES. 

WAREHOUSE 

34 KILBY STREET, 
GREENLEAF & BROWN, 




AGENTS. 




KIMBALL, FELT & WENT- 
WORTH, 

Importers and Dealers in 



CARPETINGS, 

322 & 324 WASHINGTON STREET, 
(Marble Block, opposite the Adams House,) 






vorth. ) 



EDWARD KIMBALL, T^/^n'-n/^XT 

J. AUGUSTUS FELT, }- BOSTON. 

fred'k B. WENTWORTH. 



An extensive assortment of every variety of Foreign and 
Domestic Carpets always in stock, on the best terms to the 
Trade or Retail. 






GOODYEAH'S. RUBBER STORE, 

No. 144 Wa£hingt:n Street, 
BOSTON, 

(One Door North Old South.) 



At this, the Emporium of INDIA RUBBER GOODS, 
UNDER THE GOODYEAR PATENT, 

may be found a complete assortment of 

CLOTHING, 

BOOTS AND SHOES, 

GLOVES AND MITTENS, 

AIR-PROOF GOODS, 

ELASTIC GOODS, 

SURGICAL AND DRUGGISTS' GOODS, 

FRENCH AND ENGLISH COATS, 

INDIA RUBBER COMBS, AND 

CLOTHS, 

Of every description, constantly on hand, together with a 
varied and full assortment of 

GUTTA PERCHA GOODS, 

Including all articles ever manufactured from this supe- 
rior article. 



144 Washington Street, 

BOSTON. 



iftc^lClli^ 



GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING STORE, 

No. 87 Washington_Street, 

BOSTON. 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

Hosiery, Gloves, Under Garments, 

SCARFS, CRAVATS, 

LHandkerchiefSj Suspenders, &c, 

The only dealers in the celebrated 

JOUVIN'S PARIS KID GLOVES. 



SHIRTS MiMlFACTlliiED TO ORDER. 

J. B. M. & Co. are constantly manufactur- 
ing, to order, Shirts of the very best 
quality and of a superior cut 
and make. 

JAMES^B. MACOMBER & CO. 

JAMES B. MACOMBEU. ^^) HENRY M. MACO.MBEK 



Jfine Commercial ^riiitmg 

EXECUTED ON STEAM PRESSES BY 

WM. H, RAND, 6 Washington St 

•(Corner Dock .Square,) BOSTON. 



At the above otRce may be found a complete assortment 
of materials requisite for the execution of 

in a manner to suit the most fastidious taste, or the most 
economical purse. Particular attention is given to th(^ 
printing of 

Law Blanks, Insurance Policies, Circulars, Deeds, 

Commercial Blanks, Bank Checks, Bill Heads, 

Notices, Billets, Invitation Cards, 

Handbills, Shopbills, 



t 



iusiiuss, glarriagc anb gltorcss Carts. 



ORDERS SOLICITED FROM ANY PART OP NE"W 
ENGLAND. 

''ProBiiptness and ^kill." 



THE GALLERY OF ART 

Is located at No. 173 Washington Street, nearly oppo- 
site the "Old South." The rooms are lofty, centrally I 
located, and well adapted for the favorable exhibition of 
the many and beautiful portraits here congregated. Stran- 1 
gers cannot pass a more pleasant hour than in examining f 
one of the finest collections of Daguerreotypes, Ambro- 
types, and Photographs in America, and they are always 
Bure of receiving every attention from the proprietor, 
Mr. C. V. Allen, and every convenience for examining 
them at leisure. Admittance Free. 




f [139 Washington Street, I ^^^ 



m 

imm\1, a -NT ni 



BOSTON. ip^^^^ 

') G. N, COMER, 1 PniNciPAis, aided |^^^^ 
' A. C. DENISO.V, y by Experienced 
^«^|V 0. E, LINTON, j Assistaiits 




l^ The address of the Students, and also of those for whom 
good situations as Clerks, Book-keepers, &c., were obtained the past 
year, is given in the Annual Catalogue and Circular of Terms, 
which is sent by mail, gratis. In addition to Writing, Book- 
keeping, and Navigation, — Arithmetic, all the English branches, 
Engijieering, Surveying, the Classics and Modern Languages are 
thoroughly taught by able masters. There being no class system, 
students can enter at any time. Day and Evening Sessions. 



I 



DOCK SQUARE CLOTHING V^TAREHOUSE. 




KEITH & THORNTON, 

(iSuceessors to Earl W. Johnson & Co.) 

AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IX 

READY-MADE CLOTHING 

AND FURNISHING GOODS. 



N. B. All clothlno- sold at this establishment is warranted to be just 
.'hat It IS represented. Xo humbug or clap-trap is used to make cus- 
)mers see fine broadcloth in a coarse satinet coat, or that a bad fitting 
iat IS a good fit. The proprietors of this concern always expect to see 
leir customers a second time. 

9 & 30 Dock Square, and 39 Exchange Street, 

NATfl'L KEITH. BOSTON. ."^OLOX THORNTON. 



WILBEE'S 



tM 



K4.m 



SAFES 




BOSTOM, MA.SS. 



None are Gcnnine unless marked J. E. WILDER, Make< 
on the Door of each Safe. I 



1011 1, WILill, 

JtA-NUPACTUEEE. AND PBOPEIETOE. 




THE BRONCHIAL TROCHES give relief in 

Asthma, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Hoarseness, 
Coughs, 

AND ALL DISORDERS OF THE BREATH AND LUNGS. 

Public Speakers and Singers 

Will find them invaluable for Clearins: and Strengthening the 
Voice. Containing notliing deleterious, they can be used as freely 
as requisite. 

JOHN I. BROWN & SON, 

PROPmETORS, 

425 Washington (opposite Essex) Street, Boston, 

And Sold by Dni^ists generally in the United States. 



JS^ "We hare found them of great service in allaying Bronchial Irritations, and 
in suhduinu Hoarseness produced hy Colds, and do our clerical brethren a real 
favor in calling their attention to them. — Zioii's Herald. AVe commend them to 
the attention of Public Spe'ilcrs, Shifjcrs, and others who are troubled with affec- 
tions of the Throat. — Cliristian Watchman. For Coughs, Asthma. Ac. we cheer- 
fullj' b'-ar testimony from personal knowledge to their efficacy. — Ballnu's Picto- 
rial. They are a simple and elegant form for administering in combination 
several medicinal substances, held in general esteem among phy.^iicians in the 
treatment of Bronchial affections. — Dr. G. F. Bir/dmo. A knowledge of the 
manner in which various articles of the Materia Medica were combined by you to 
form the " Bronchial Troches," led me three or four years since to adopt their use. 
The results have been such as to induce me to continue the practice, believing 
them of great benefit in many affections of the Bronchial organs. — Dr. Lane. 



STOJ>l)im & LORTNG, 

IMl'OKTKItS OF 

English and French Stationery 

AND MANUFACTURERS OP 

PAGED ACCOUNT BOOKS, 




No. 94 State Street, Boston. 



The undersigned invite the attention of their friends and the pubHc 
to their ncAv and beautiful assortment of Foreign and Domestic Sta- 
tionery, which has been selected with great care for the City Trade, 
and comprises ever}' article required in the Counting House or Office ; 
also, an extensive assortment of Account Books and Commercial and 
Laic Blanks. 

Particular attention paid to the manufacture of Account Books, in all 
the various styles of Ruling and Bi)iding, suited to the wants of Cor- 
po7'ations, Merchants, or Professional 3Ien, and to the printing of 
Checks, Notes, Drafts, Cards^ Circulars, &c., in either Lithography or 
Letter Press. 

From the long experience of the senior partner, (who was connected 
with the House of Thomas Groom & Co. for nineteen years,) uniform 
low prices, and a strict attention to the wants of their customers, they 
feel assured they will be able to give entire satisfaction to all who may 
favor them with their patronage. 

HENRY F. STODDER. JOHN S. LORING, 



^•XO^ BAZ^ 




^^ 



302 Washington Street, cor. Suffolk Place, 



At this, the Emporium for Fancy Goods and Toys for 
New England, may be found a large assortment of 

GAMES, VASES OF CHINA, lAVA, PARIAN, AND OTHER WARES. 

ALSO, A LARGE VARIETY OP 

"Where the large and various additions constantly being made 
to the stock enable the Proprietor to offer as rich and 
varied assortment of the above goods as may be found in 
the city. 

D. O. GOODRICH, Proprietor. 




" This is the suit that his father bought, — 
A fine new vest, and pants, and coat, 
Shirt, dickey, and stock, with cap and socks ; 

***** 

At the famous Oak Hall, in North Street.' 



UNRIVALLED EMPORIUM FOR 

GENTLEMEN'S, YOUTHS', AND LITTLE CEILDEEN'S 

READY-MADE CLOTHING, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 



An extensive and desirable assortment of Rich Cloths, Doeskins, 
Cassimeres, Vestings, &c., always to be found in the Custom 
Department, "with, unusual facilities for prompt and faithful execution 
of all orders for Genteel Clothing. 

Military and Naval Officers' Dresses — Military and Fire- 
men's Uniforms, furnished at the shortest notice, and all garments 
warranted to give perfect satisfaction. 

GEO. W. SIMMONS, PIPER & CO. 
OAK HAI.I., 3^ & 34 IVorth 8t. Boston. 



AHTISTS' MATERIALS. 

The subscribers beg leave to call the attention of Artists and others 
to their superior stock of Materials for Oil and Water Color Painting 
and for Drawing, imported direct from "VVinsor & Newton, of London, 
and from other principal manufacturing houses in Paris, viz. : 
Oil Colors. Winsor & Newton's Superior Tube Oil Colors, &c. 
Canvas. Prepared Canvas for Artists. 
Brushes. English and French Brushes, in every variety, for Oil and 

Water Color Painting. 
Water Colors. Winsor & Newton's unrivalled Water and 
Moist Colors. 

Varuishes, «Src. Mastic, Copal, and Picture Varnishes. 
Easels, Palettes, &c. 

Fine Colors in Powder, and Crude Colors of best quality. 
Materials for Drawinsf. "WTiatman's Superior Drawing Papers, 

Hot and Cold Pressed, of every weight and texture ; also, Engineers', 

Cartridge, and Cartoon Papers, &c. 
Materials for Architectural Drawing. Curves and Squares. 
Mathematical Instruments, «fec. 
Prints, Drawing Studies, Drawing Copy Books, &c. 

The above, with a great v.iriety of other articles for Oil Painting and Drawing, 
imported in large stock and variety, for wholesale and retail trade. Dealers and 
Teachers supplied on tlie mnst liberal terms. 

M. J. WHIPPLE & CO., 35 CornhiU, Boston. 




FIRST CLASS PREMIUM PIANOS. 

The Subscriber solicits attention to valuable improvements recently 
added to his well-known American Action Pianos, among which 
are three new scales of great fulness and beauty of tone, including a 
seven and a quarter diagonal scale, all of which unite every desirable 
requisite in a First Class Piano, and at greatly reduced prices. 

GEORGE HE1¥^, 

Manufactory anJ Warcrooms at 379 Washington Street, Boston. 



WINDOW SHADES & CUETAIN MATERIALS 

WHOLESALE & RETAIL. 




G. L. & J. B. KELTY, 

170 Wasliiiig^toEi street, Boston, 

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

CURTAIiy MATERIALS, 

SUCH AS 

SATIN DELAINE, ENGLISH DAMASK, GERMAN 
DAMASK, CORNICES, BANDS, PINS, &c. 



Persons wanting these Goods can buy from first hands, 
and save all commissions by purchasing as above. 

KELTY'S IMPROVED METALLIC FIXTURE, FOR SHADES, 

SUPEBIOE, TO ALIi OTHEKS. 

SHADES IE mm, CHUMHES, k, lABE TO OEM. 



BY 

WHIPPLE & BLACK, 

AT 

96 Washington Street, Boston. 



Strangers are invited to call at their spacious and elegant 
rooms and view the lai'ge and interesting collection of 
Daguerreotypes, Photographs, and Crystalotypes of the 
most distinguished men of our country, prominent citizens, 
and splendid views from every part of the Union. We 
are sure a leisure hour can hardly be more agreeably spent 
than in viewing them. 

We have had much experience in the different branches 
of the profession, being among the first to practise the Pho- 
tographic Art, and we have received Medals at every in- 
stitution where exhibited for superiority of workmanship 
and artistic effect. Mr. Whipple is the discoverer of the 
Crystalotype, a process by which Daguerreotypes are first 
taken on glass and then transferred to paper. By this 
means views of city or country residences, portraits, copies 
of paintings, statuary, &c., are multiplied with unrivalled 
accuracy, and with the same readiness as from a steel or 
copper engraving, and from Daguerreotypes we are enabled 
to reproduce portraits of deceased persons in oil colors and 
of the size of life. We attend to our patrons in person, 
and spare no pains or effort to produce not only pleasing 
•likenesses, but that they may be executed in the highest 
order of art. 




WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

CORSET WAREROOMS, 

No. 28 Winter, 

REMOVED FEOM WASHINGTON ST. 
THE CORSET WAREROOMS OF THIRTY YEARS. 

Established in 1825. 



Mrs. Adams has recently returned from Europe, where, among the 
looms and weaving rooms of France, she has devoted the best part of 
a year in re-arranging and symmetrizing the best features of the French 
Woven Corset, adapting it to the necessities of the peculiarly delicate 
structure of the American women, and is happy to say that in these 
efforts she has been eminently successful ; and since presenting her 
experiments, the increased demand has been continual. Thinking it 
best to introduce these beautiful and easy fitting articles by sr;me other 
than the formidable name of Stay or Corset, she calls them BODICES. 
They are so constructed as to give a sustaining brace to the back, shoul- 
ders and abdomen, at the same time inducing an expansion of tlie chest 
never before attained in any thing of similar piirpose. The next con- 
sideration is the price, it being as low as the most ordinary and ill- 
shaped of other manufacture, whilst the style and quality of texture 
surpass other goods hitherto disposed of at most exorbitant charges. 

Mrs. A. would invite the attention of dealers, and would assure them 
that an investment in these goods, at the Jixed loio j^rices, is the same 
as gold already twice told. All orders promptly and judiciously at- 
tended to. 

Inquire of the Boston and New York Customs, Who is the most ex- 
tensive importer of Corsets in the States ? They will tell you Gko. W. 
Adams, of 28 Winter Street. This establishment is conducted on most 
liberally low priced principles, and is at all times posted and amply 
supplied with every style of Bodice, Jacket or Corset in vogue. One 
or the other of this house is in Europe, conducting the manufacturing 
and shipping the goods to this country ; tbese facilities affording the 
means to sell much less than others in the business, together with a 
determination to keep the lead by disposing of both low and high priced 
goods at a very fraction of profit. It is well known that Mils. Adams 
has long been at the head of her profession, having had, during thirty 
years, much experience and opportunity for cultivating business talent 
in the best French and English schools ; also, she being the first woman 
patentee in America. The celebrated Adams's Patent Abdominal 
Supporter, so justly pronounced by Sir Astley Cooper and Sir James 
Clark as the cleverest thing of its kind, is her own invention. Those 
in need of this article >vill please make personal application as above. 



Sh.. 



CHILSON'S PATENT 



CHILSON'S PATENT 



TRIO STOVE, to IcrtaWt inmate 



SIX SIZES. 




Tliis Stove embodies the same val- 
uable principles combined in the 
Portable Furnace, We think no 
l)rudent person will use stoves as 
they have formerly been constructed 
after becoming acquainted with this 
invention. 

We obligate ourselves to proA'e to 
the satisfaction of all, a saving of 50 
per cent, in fuel, not only by seeing 
the stove in operation, but by a large 
number of the best testimonials that 
can be written. As usual, we oflfer a 
•fHll assortment of 

iFaniaces, Ranges, Stoves, Mantels, Grates, 
Yentilators. h. 



FOUB SIZES. 




Any intelligent mind cannot fail to see 
the wonderful economy in the consump- 
tion of fuel by this invention, over the 
common Portable Furnaces. Immediate! j 
after the fire is kindled in the morning, 
the damper in the smoke pipe is closed 
for the day, when the only escape for the 
heated snioke and gases is through the 
continuous tapering trunk, or radiator,' 
terminating in the smoke pipe, which is 
reduced to a small vent of two inches in 
diameter. 

The heated smoke and gases are thus 
compressed into the whole circuit of the 
trunlc, and become wholly exhausted by 
radiation. The consequence is that the 
formerly wasted fuel, Avhich was lost by 
passing off in smoke and gases in a crude 
or unconsumed state, is here made avail- 
able for generating heat. 

Warranted a saving in fuel of 50 per 
cent, over any other Portable Furnace in 
the known world. 



Chilson's New Cone Furnace. 

PEESENTING A CLUSTER OF CONES OVER THE FIEE. 




m 



IMPORTANT NOTICE. 

GARDNER CIIILSON has just completed and patenti'il in America, England and 
France, his new invention, the CONE FURNACE, and asks the special attention 
of those ahont erecting or remodelling buildings, as well as dealers in Hot Air, 
Steam, or Hot Water Fiu-naces, and all interested in steam power, to carefully 
examine this invention, which entirely changes the principle and character of Hat 
Air Furnaces — developing another and a neiv principle — and obviating all former 
objections to their use. The practical operation of a number of these Furnaces, 
erected during the past winter, points out a new discovery in science, by which 
the most wonderful economy in fuel has been attained, and clearly demonstrates 
that the waste heat lost from chimneys is enough to warm every dwelling in the 
city. By this invention the heat formerly lost is made to warm the house. 

This discovery, simple in itself, is the daily won<ler of those who witness its 
results, and it becomes a matter of surprise that a plan at once so simple and 
practical in its operation should thus far have entirely escaped the notice of scien- 
tific men. We believe no one who investigates this principle will be liable to use 
a Furnace constructed on any other principle, and we invite all who would witness 
its operation to call at the store of 

CHIIiSOlV, GOIJIiD & CO., 

Nos. 99 & 101 BLACKSTONE ST., BOSTON. 

We also invite attention to the 

METROPOLITAN COOKING RANGE, 

With or without Bath Boilers and Hot Air Fixtures. The most simple (Mid 
*eonomical Range in use. Also, 

Mirror Marble Mantels, Grates, Registers, aiid Ventilators of every descriptioo. 




HERMAN'S 

I* XT n KT .A. C E3 

ESTABLISHMENT. 



attention of the Pulilic is called to the subscriber's 




Celebrated Improved Herman Pattern Furnace 

For COAL, which continues to maintain its high superiority 
over the numerous articles recently introduced to the public, 
claiming to be improvements over all others. This Furnace is 
recommended to all those who prefer facts, which have become 
established by long practical experience, to mere advertising 
pufifs based only upon fiction. Also to a 

New Pattern Furnace for Wood, 

Constructed upon a similar principle to that of the Herman 
Pattern Furnace, and particularly adapted for use in the country, 
or wherever wood is consumed instead of coal. Another and 
smaller size has just been added to the list, which is sold at a 
reduced price. 
Attention is also called to a new and beautiful article called 

Penrhyn Marble Mantels and Pier Slabs, 

In imitation of the higher cost styles of Marble, and superior to 
it in polish and ability to resist acids, while they are afforded at 
a much cheaper rate. Also for sale 

A New Pattern Improved Flat Heater Stove, English 

Parlor & Chamber Grates, Improved Cooking Ranges, 

Parlor, Oflaee and Cooking Stoves, Ventilators, 

Chimney Tope, Registers, Rumford. Ovens, 

And Cooking and Heating Apparatus generally, at the new and 

elegant store recently erected upcn the old Chickering estate, 

nearly opposite the Adams House, by 



/ 




LEOPOLD HERMAN, 



336 & 338 Washington Street. 



i^ 



asssmnn^i 




NOTES. 



NOTES. 



NOTES. 



NOTES, 



1 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 078 049 2 




